Variabilitas Konsentrasi dan Sebaran N-anorganik (Amonia, Nitrit, dan Nitrat) Terlarut di Perairan Kalianda dan Perairan Anyer-Panimbang

Abstract

N-anorganik yang berdekatan dengan hatchery atau tambak, permukiman warga, dan muara sungai diduga bersebaran berbeda di perairan teluk dan perairan selat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran horizontal, tingkat kesesuaiannya terhadap baku mutu, serta menganalisis konektivitas antara konsentrasi amonia, nitrit, dan nitrat dengan parameter fisika dan kimia non nitrogen di perairan Kalianda (perairan Teluk) dan perairan Anyer-Panimbang (menghadap Selat Sunda). Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan Kalianda dan perairan Anyer-Panimbang pada bulan September dan Oktober 2022. Konsentrasi amonia, nitrit, dan nitrat tersebut dianalisis, dibuat sebaran horizontalnya, serta dianalisis konektivitas antar variabelnya dengan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran horizontal konsentrasi amonia yang cenderung tinggi didominasi oleh lokasi muara sungai di perairan Kalianda, sebaran horizontal konsentrasi nitrit yang cenderung tinggi didominasi oleh lokasi yang berdekatan dengan hatchery atau tambak di perairan Kalianda dan perairan Anyer-Panimbang, dan sebaran horizontal konsentrasi nitrat yang cenderung tinggi didominasi oleh lokasi dekat permukiman warga di perairan Anyer-Panimbang. Secara dominan, konsentrasi amonia dan nitrit di perairan Kalianda dan perairan Anyer-Panimbang di bawah baku mutu, kecuali konsentrasi nitrit di Pantai Sambolo pada perairan Anyer-Panimbang yang melebihi baku mutu, serta seluruh konsentrasi nitrat di perairan Kalianda dan perairan Anyer-Panimbang di atas baku mutu. Konsentrasi amonia, nitrit, dan nitrat berkorelasi positif dengan parameter suhu, namun berkorelasi negatif dengan parameter DO dan salinitas. Inorganic nitrogen potential sources such as hatcheries/ponds, residential areas, and estuaries may affect loading capacity of n-inorganic in bay and strait waters. The concentration distributions of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in the bay and strait waters may have different values. The study aims was to analyze the horizontal distribution and suitability of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations with quality standard, and to analize the intercorrelation between the concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate with non nitrogen physical and chemical parameters in Kalianda waters and Anyer-Panimbang waters. The study was carried out in specific location of Kalianda and Anyer-Panimbang waters in September and October 2022. The concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were analyzed for their concentration distributions and analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The results showed that the horizontal distribution of ammonia concentrations was dominated by location of estuary in Kalianda waters, the horizontal distribution of nitrite concentrations was dominated by location near hatchery or pond in Kalianda waters and Anyer-Panimbang waters, and the horizontal distribution of nitrate concentrations was dominated by location near residential area in Anyer-Panimbang waters. Most of ammonia and nitrite concentrations in Kalianda waters and Anyer-Panimbang waters were below of quality standards, except for nitrite concentration at Sambolo Beach in Anyer-Panimbang waters which exceed the quality standard, and all nitrate concentrations in Kalianda waters and Anyer-Panimbang waters above the quality standard. The intercorrelation between the concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were positively correlated with water temperature, but those have negative correlated with DO and salinity.