Aerosolized lidocaine to reduce tracheal suction-associated pain after pediatric congenital heart surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract

Background

In children undergoing heart surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD), postoperative pain is associated with changes in the respiratory system that can lead to complicated courses and poor outcomes. Respiratory therapy (RT) can restore respiratory function through manual techniques and tracheal suction (TS). However, TS itself can cause pain, leading to hemodynamic and respiratory manifestations, such as tachycardia, hyper- or hypotension, tachypnea, increased work-of-breathing, patient-ventilator asynchrony, among others.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate whether RT/TS increases pain and whether inhaled lidocaine can attenuate pain increase in infants and children undergoing surgery for CHD.

Methods

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial at a pediatric intensive care unit in a Brazilian tertiary-care university hospital. Patients <18 years submitted to open-heart surgery for CHD were included and randomized to receive either aerosolized lidocaine (1 mg/kg) or placebo before RT/TS. Pain was assessed by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability pain scale – revised (FLACC-R), along with hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters, before and 10 min after RT/TS start on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 given they were on mechanical ventilation.

Results

119 patients were included. RT/TS induced minor changes in pain, which were not attenuated by lidocaine (confirmed in multivariate analysis). RT/TS also caused minor, clinically not relevant effects in hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters, which were also not modified by lidocaine.

Conclusion

Respiratory therapy with tracheal suction did not increase postoperative pain in ventilated children after congenital heart surgery until the 7th day, nor did aerosolized lidocaine exhibit any clinically significant effect on pain or other hemodynamic or ventilatory parameters.

Registered at REBEC: RBR-10vtd55m.