Anatomy of a Nation: Exploring Weight, Height, and BMI Variations among Turkish Adults (2008-2022)

Abstract

Objective: The rapidly changing demographics and lifestyles of the global population demand updated anthropometric data to ensure appropriate designs, interventions, and policies. Recognizing the lack of recent comprehensive anthropometric data on the Turkish adult population, the primary objective of this study was to present an authoritative perspective on the evolution of average heights and Body Mass Index (BMI) distributions in Turkey, focusing on the period between 2008 and 2022. Materials and Methods: Data for this research was sourced from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by TurkStat. Our sample encapsulated diverse age groups over 15, covering all seven geographical regions of Turkey, ensuring nationwide representation. Comprehensive analyses were undertaken to segregate the data based on sex and age group, providing a nuanced insight into height variations and BMI distributions. Results: Our findings suggest that the overall average height for the entire Turkish population remained relatively consistent during the study period, with males averaging around 173 cm and females approximately 161 cm. Interestingly, the 15-24 age bracket registered a noticeable height increase, suggesting a potential growth trend in the younger generation. In terms of BMI, our research revealed a consistent distribution across all categories over the years. However, there was a slight decrease in underweight individuals, particularly among males, and an upward trend in the 'pre-obese' category, especially in the male demographic. The obese category experienced a minor increase from 2008 to 2016 but showed signs of stabilization in recent years. Conclusion: Given the dynamic nature of population health and growth patterns, this study underscores the significance of continuous anthropometric monitoring. Our findings offer a modern benchmark for various stakeholders – from health professionals to designers – to appropriately tailor their solutions and interventions for the Turkish populace. Furthermore, the subtle shifts in BMI categories over the years highlight potential focus areas for public health initiatives, emphasizing the importance of diet, lifestyle, and exercise in ensuring a healthy nation.