Anthropological Glimpses of Japan in Nineteenth-Century Britain

IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Efram Sera-Shriar
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Abstract

This article explores two early anthropological works on Japan that were produced in Britain during the nineteenth century. The first is James Cowles Prichard's chapter on Japanese culture from the third edition of his Researches into the physical history of mankind (1844) . It represents the first formative study by a leading ethnologist to tackle the subject. The second is Edward Burnett Tylor's essay on Japanese belief for the Journal for the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1877). During the later decades of the nineteenth century, information about Japanese society still remained relatively incomplete. When Tylor wrote his important essay about Japan in the 1870s, he still drew on the same sources Prichard had used three decades earlier. Very little new ethnographic information had travelled back to England by the second half of the nineteenth century. As a result, researchers continued to struggle when writing about Japanese culture. What we get in these nineteenth-century writings is best described as anthropological ‘glimpses’ of Japan. By exploring these early sketches of Japan, a more textured disciplinary history emerges that helps to complexify and challenge the heroic and teleological narratives of British anthropology's supposed success story.
19世纪英国对日本的人类学一瞥
本文探讨了19世纪英国出版的两部关于日本的早期人类学著作。第一个是詹姆斯·考尔斯·普里查德在他的《人类物理史研究》(1844年)第三版中关于日本文化的章节。这是由一位领先的民族学家对这一主题进行的首次形成性研究。第二篇是爱德华·伯内特·泰勒在《英国和爱尔兰皇家人类学研究所期刊》上发表的关于日本信仰的文章(1877年)。在19世纪后期的几十年里,关于日本社会的信息仍然相对不完整。当泰勒在19世纪70年代撰写那篇关于日本的重要文章时,他仍然使用了普里查德30年前使用过的同样的资料来源。直到19世纪下半叶,很少有新的人种学信息传回英国。因此,研究人员在撰写日本文化的文章时一直在苦苦挣扎。我们在这些19世纪的著作中得到的最好的描述是人类学对日本的一瞥。通过探索这些关于日本的早期草图,一个更有条理的学科历史出现了,它有助于使英国人类学所谓的成功故事的英雄主义和目的论叙事变得复杂和挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Notes and Records is an international journal which publishes original research in the history of science, technology and medicine. In addition to publishing peer-reviewed research articles in all areas of the history of science, technology and medicine, Notes and Records welcomes other forms of contribution including: research notes elucidating recent archival discoveries (in the collections of the Royal Society and elsewhere); news of research projects and online and other resources of interest to historians; essay reviews, on material relating primarily to the history of the Royal Society; and recollections or autobiographical accounts written by Fellows and others recording important moments in science from the recent past.
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