Trends and Normative Data for a Sample of Adults with Autism and Related Developmental Disabilities on the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS)

IF 1.3 Q3 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s41252-023-00360-3

Cooper Woodard, Janette Baird, Kaitlyn Anderson, June Groden

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this research was to expand upon the available normative data on the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS) for a group of adults with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This scale was originally designed in 2001 to measure stress in persons with ASD. Normative data were previously collected for a group of children and adolescents, and a secondary aim of this study was to compare the present adult data set to the historical child/adolescent data set.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study that utilized SSS collected between 2021 and 2023. Survey response data were collected on 89 adults with intellectual disability and ASD, ages 22 to 66. Normative data were generated and explored and then compared to the historic child/adolescent sample.

Results

The average “Ritual-related” subscale score was significantly higher and the “Pleasant Events” subscale score was significantly lower compared to all other average subscale scores in the overall adult group. There were very few differences in the average subscale, average total, or raw total scores by age group or autism diagnosis status. Survey items frequently scored as high or low stress were consistent with these results. In comparing younger and older participant data, significant differences were found in average subscale scores in a number of areas, mainly with higher scores for the adult sample.

Conclusions

For adults, high stress often stems from events related to ritualized behavior, and events that are pleasant are typically endorsed as low stress for both adult and child samples. Stress levels appear to peak in early adulthood and then slowly diminish. There are significant differences between the child and adult samples, but social and environmental changes since the SSS was created in 2001 suggest the need for separate and revised versions of the survey.

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自闭症和相关发育障碍成人样本压力调查表（SSS）的趋势和标准数据

研究目的：本研究的目的是扩大现有的压力调查量表（SSS）的常模数据，将其用于智障和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）成人群体。该量表最初设计于 2001 年，用于测量 ASD 患者的压力。本研究的另一个目的是将目前的成人数据集与过去的儿童/青少年数据集进行比较。方法这是一项回顾性观察研究，采用的是 2021 年至 2023 年期间收集的 SSS。研究收集了 89 名智障和 ASD 成人的调查回复数据，他们的年龄在 22 岁至 66 岁之间。结果与整个成人组的所有其他平均分量表得分相比，"仪式相关 "分量表平均得分明显较高，而 "愉快事件 "分量表得分则明显较低。各年龄组或自闭症诊断状况在平均分量表、平均总分或原始总分上的差异很小。经常被评为压力大或压力小的调查项目与上述结果一致。在比较年龄较小和年龄较大的受试者数据时，发现在一些方面的平均分量表得分存在显著差异，主要是成人样本的得分较高。结论对于成人来说，高压力通常源于与仪式化行为相关的事件，而对于成人和儿童样本来说，愉快的事件通常被认可为低压力。压力水平似乎在成年早期达到顶峰，然后慢慢降低。儿童样本和成人样本之间存在明显差异，但自 2001 年 SSS 发布以来，社会和环境发生了变化，这表明有必要对该调查进行单独修订。

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来源期刊

Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Social Sciences-Social Sciences (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders publishes high-quality research in the broad area of neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan. Study participants may include individuals with:Intellectual and developmental disabilitiesGlobal developmental delayCommunication disordersLanguage disordersSpeech sound disordersChildhood-onset fluency disorders (e.g., stuttering)Social (e.g., pragmatic) communication disordersUnspecified communication disordersAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specified and unspecifiedSpecific learning disordersMotor disordersDevelopmental coordination disordersStereotypic movement disorderTic disorders, specified and unspecifiedOther neurodevelopmental disorders, specified and unspecifiedPapers may also include studies of participants with neurodegenerative disorders that lead to a decline in intellectual functioning, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington’s disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The journal includes empirical, theoretical and review papers on a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including but not limited to: diagnosis; incidence and prevalence; and educational, pharmacological, behavioral and cognitive behavioral, mindfulness, and psychosocial interventions across the life span. Animal models of basic research that inform the understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders are also welcomed. The journal is multidisciplinary and multi-theoretical, and encourages research from multiple specialties in the social sciences using quantitative and mixed-method research methodologies.