Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Neem, and a Tomato Intercrop on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya

Ceciliah N. Ngugi, Jesca N. Mbaka, Hellen W. Muthengi
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Abstract

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is an important crop in Kenya, ranked 3rd among the exotic vegetables. Diamondback moth (DBM) is a major cabbage pest that can cause a 100% loss in yield if not well managed. Farmers indiscriminately use synthetic pesticides associated with environmental, health, and pest resistance concerns to manage the DBM. To increase the availability of technologies for effective management of DBM in Kenya, three biopesticides; BioPower (Beauveria bassiana 1.0 x 108 CFUs/g), Dipel DF® (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki), Neemraj Super 3000 (Azadirachtin 0.3% EC), and a tomato intercrop were evaluated. Cabbages (30 plants) spaced at 40 cm x 60 cm were established in 6 m x 6 m plots in 3 replicates per treatment. The treatments applications were; B. bassiana 100 g/20 L, B. thuringiensis 20 g/20 L, and neem 20 mL/20 L. A row of tomato intercrop was established in every two rows of cabbage and distilled water was used on the untreated control. Data on the number of damaged leaves, live larvae, and marketable yields for two seasons was collected from five leaves of ten randomly selected cabbage plants. Results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the control and treatments in the mean number of live larvae and the number of damaged leaves. However, there were no significant marketable yield differences between the treatments (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, the three bio-pesticides and the tomato intercrop were effective against the DBM damage on cabbage leaves and can be part of integrated pest management (IPM) packages for DBM management on cabbage. There is a need to determine why the treatments did not result in meaningful outcomes against the DBM population and cabbage head weights. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis of each treatment is necessary.
苏云金芽孢杆菌、球孢白僵菌、印楝和番茄间作对肯尼亚塔拉卡-尼提县小菜蛾(鳞翅目:小菜蛾科)的防治效果
白菜(Brassica oleracea var. capitata)是肯尼亚的重要作物,在外来蔬菜中排名第三。小菜蛾(DBM)是一种主要的卷心菜害虫,如果管理不善,可能导致100%的产量损失。农民不分青红皂白地使用与环境、健康和害虫抗性有关的合成农药来管理DBM。为了增加肯尼亚DBM有效管理技术的可用性,三种生物农药;BioPower(白僵菌1.0 × 108 CFUs/g), Dipel DF®(苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种);评价了kurstaki)、Neemraj Super 3000(印楝素0.3% EC)和番茄间作。白菜(30株)在6 m × 6 m的地块上种植,间距为40 cm × 60 cm,每个处理3个重复。处理应用为;球孢白僵菌100 g/20 L,苏云金白僵菌20 g/20 L,印楝草20 mL/20 L,每两行白菜间作一行番茄,用蒸馏水作对照。对随机选择的10株白菜的5片叶子收集了2个季节的受损叶数、活幼虫数和可销售产量的数据。结果表明:对照与处理间的平均活幼虫数和害叶数差异显著(P≤0.05);但各处理间市场产量差异不显著(P≥0.05)。综上所述,3种生物农药和番茄间作对白菜叶片DBM危害均有较好的防治效果,可作为白菜DBM综合治理的组成部分。有必要确定为什么治疗对DBM种群和白菜头重没有产生有意义的结果。此外,有必要对每种治疗方法进行成本效益分析。
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