Evaluation of the Relationship Between Infraorbital Canal Protrusion and Alveolar Process Pneumatization of theMaxillary Sinus: A Cross-Sectional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the infraorbital canal (IOC) protrusion into the maxillary sinus (MS) and its relationship with alveolar process (APP) pneumatization on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: Data from 137 patients with 234 maxillary sinuses (over the age of 18) who had CBCT images including MS, IOC, maxillary molar teeth were included. The categorization of IOCs was based on their extent of protrusion from the maxillary roof into the sinus, resulting in three distinct types. In addition, the Type 3 IOC performed four distinct linear measurements. Furthermore, presence of APP pneumatization was evaluated and compared with IOC types. Results: This study included 137 (70 females, 67 males) patients aged between 18 and 84 years (mean±standard deviation: 33.99±16.73 years). The intra- and interobserver agreements for IOC protrusion types and APP pneumatization of MS were excellent (k>0.92 and 0.87). For the linear measurements, intraclass correlation coefficients indicating intraobserver (>0.95) and interobserver (>0.92) agreement was excellent. There was found a significant relationship between IOC types and APP pneumatization of MS (p<0.001). Conclusion: It's crucial to take into account the common presence of IOCs extending into the MS to avoid accidental nerve damage. Our results indicate a significant association between IOC protrusion and pneumatization of the APP.