Trihalomethane Levels in Municipal Drinking Water of Madrid (Spain) and Health Risk Assessment for Oral Exposure

IF 4.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES
Mª Concepción Almonacid Garrido, Mª José Villanueva-Suárez, Alberto Álamo Gómez, Alejandra Garcia-Alonso, Mª Dolores Tenorio Sanz
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Abstract

Abstract Trihalomethanes (THMs) are generated in the drinking water treatment plant, due to the reaction of the halogenated disinfection compounds with the natural organic matter (NOM). They are related to health problems both from the point of view of cancer development and other important diseases. This study aimed to assess the quality of tap water in Madrid in terms of prevention and control of THMs risks in the supply water treated by Canal de Isabel II (CYII) in a total of 108 samples throughout 2015 to 2020, to distinguish the problems of the different 21 districts or types of buildings, the seasonality and to estimate the risk of exposure to THMs from tap water in the population of Madrid. The variables considered include year, seasonality, district of Madrid and sampling point. The concentrations of THMs detected in all samples were within the current legal limit (100 µg/l). Chloroform was the compound with the highest contribution to the sum of THMs. A decreasing trend in THMs concentrations was observed over the years of the study related to the removal of NOM and the use of chloramines. THM levels were higher in the central area than in the peripheral districts and the lowest concentrations were detected in summer. Regarding risk assessment, the results of the non-carcinogenic risk indicate that there is no potential risk from tap water consumption for the adult population. For the carcinogenic risk, only water samples with THM concentrations between 50 and 75 µg/l could constitute a risk for high consumers.
西班牙马德里市饮用水中三卤甲烷含量及口腔接触健康风险评估
摘要三卤甲烷(THMs)是饮用水处理厂中卤化消毒化合物与天然有机物(NOM)反应而产生的。从癌症发展和其他重要疾病的角度来看,它们都与健康问题有关。本研究旨在评估2015年至2020年期间马德里108个样本的自来水质量,以预防和控制伊莎贝尔运河II (CYII)处理的供水中的THMs风险,以区分不同的21个地区或建筑物类型的问题,季节性并估计马德里人口自来水暴露于THMs的风险。考虑的变量包括年份、季节性、马德里地区和采样点。所有样品中检测到的THMs浓度均在现行法定限量(100µg/l)内。氯仿是对总thm贡献最大的化合物。在研究期间,观察到与NOM去除和氯胺使用有关的THMs浓度呈下降趋势。中心地区THM浓度高于周边地区,夏季THM浓度最低。在风险评估方面,非致癌风险的结果表明,饮用自来水对成年人口没有潜在风险。对于致癌风险,只有THM浓度在50至75微克/升之间的水样才会对高消费者构成风险。
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来源期刊
Exposure and Health
Exposure and Health Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
13.80
自引率
9.00%
发文量
71
期刊介绍: It is a multidisciplinary journal focused on global human health consequences of exposure to water pollution in natural and engineered environments. The journal provides a unique platform for scientists in this field to exchange ideas and share information on research for the solution of health effects of exposure to water pollution. Coverage encompasses Engineering sciences; Biogeochemical sciences; Health sciences; Exposure analysis and Epidemiology; Social sciences and public policy; Mathematical, numerical and statistical methods; Experimental, data collection and data analysis methods and more. Research topics include local, regional and global water pollution, exposure and health problems; health risk analysis of water pollution, methods of quantification and analysis of risk under uncertainty; aquatic biogeochemical processes in natural and engineered systems and health effects; analysis of pollution, exposure and health data; and more.
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