International Trade Networks

Abstract

This chapter examines the complex commercial networks of international trade in ancient Greece, made possible by “creating” new products through the exploitation of the natural environment or through artisanal production and commerce. It begins with a discussion of how division of labor emerged in foreign trade and how it led to gains in productivity. It also describes the center-periphery model of the late Archaic period and the Classical period in relation to trade before considering the particular form of trade flows and networks of exchange in city-states, focusing on the role played by trade in promoting consumption and production as well as in determining prices. The remaining sections analyze the variety and complexity of systems of trade, using metals and textiles as examples; the notion of “regional network” for transporting goods over long distances; the “free rider” system in international trade; and actors involved in trade and redistribution centers.