Preliminary Screening of Maize Accessions Against Common Rust Disease (Puccinia sorghi Schw) in Arsi Negele District, Ethiopia

S. Mengistu
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Abstract

Maize is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. The production of the crop is threatened by a number of biotic and a biotic factor. Among biotic factors, common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw, is one of destructive foliar diseases of maize in Ethiopia. A study was conducted during the main cropping season (April to November, 2016) in the field at Arsi Negele research farm, Ethiopia with the objective of screening 92 maize accessions and 2 farmer’s verities checks against common rust disease. The experiment was laid out in augmented design with no replications. Disease assessment was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 15 days intervals starting from 55 days after planting to cropping season for 5 times. The mean values of disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were calculated and yield recorded. The higher disease percent severity and AUDPC, least yield and thousand seed weight were observed from accessions, AN-239620, AN-9195, AN-9988, AN-9991, AN-15459, AN-15460, AN-16021, AN-18121, AN-18122 and Check-1 with mean values (63.94%, 1694.5%-in days, 3.04 to 3.69 t/ha and 240 to 297g) respectively and categorized in moderately susceptible group. Conversely, the minimum percent disease severity, AUDPC, higher yield and thousand seed weight were recorded from accessions, AN-16559, AN-9987, AN-16571, AN-18104, AN-18106, AN-18121, AN2-4297, AN-913, AN-15325 AN-15326, AN-15461, AN-16276, AN-16278, AN-241584 and AN-162383, with mean values of (31.01%, 720.4%-in days, 4.81 to 5.59 t/ha and 380 to 442g) respectively and grouped in resistant category. Therefore, accessions recorded low percent disease severity and AUDPC values could be used as the resistant varieties and source of resistance to common rust for varietal development of maize.
埃塞俄比亚Arsi Negele地区玉米材料抗高粱锈病的初步筛选
玉米是埃塞俄比亚最重要的作物之一。作物的生产受到许多生物和生物因素的威胁。在生物因子中,高粱锈病(Puccinia sorghi Schw)引起的普通锈病是埃塞俄比亚玉米的破坏性叶面病害之一。在主要种植季节(2016年4月至11月),在埃塞俄比亚Arsi Negele研究农场的田间进行了一项研究,目的是筛选92份玉米材料和2名农民对常见锈病的真实性检查。这个实验是以扩充式设计进行的,没有重复。从播种后55天开始至收获季节,每隔15天以单株感染叶面积百分比进行病害评估,共5次。计算疾病发生率、严重程度和AUDPC的平均值,并记录产量。安-239620、安-9195、安-9988、安-9991、安-15459、安-15460、安-16021、安-18121、安-18122和查-1的病死率和AUDPC、产量和千粒重均较高,平均值分别为63.94%、1694.5%- d、3.04 ~ 3.69 t/ha和240 ~ 297g,属中度易感组。相反,安-16559、安-9987、安-16571、安-18104、安-18106、安-18121、安-4297、安-913、安-15325、安-15326、安-15461、安-16276、安-16278、安-241584和安-162383的最小病死率、AUDPC、高产和千粒重的平均值分别为31.01%、720.4%- d、4.81 ~ 5.59 t/ha和380 ~ 424g,均属于抗性品系。因此,记录较低病死率和AUDPC值的材料可作为玉米品种发育的抗病品种和抗病来源。
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