First and Second Order Change

Abstract

Abstract First order change relies upon step-by-step incremental learning, expansively building upon previous capabilities while simultaneously modifying what has been learned before. In contrast, second order change demands fundamental shifts in students' thinking, a reframing of previous learning which serves as a springboard for a transformation to new levels of comprehension. The concepts of first and second order change are applied to various aspects of training and educating child care practitioners: curriculum planning, classroom learning, and field instruction. The concept is particularly relevant because many training efforts have focused only on first order change, and failing to provide students with high order thinking and practice skills for long term careers and effectiveness.