純網路銀行與傳統銀行之效率與生產力分析：以日本為例

Abstract

亞洲首家純網路銀行於2000年在日本誕生，該新興產業以創新技術帶給金融業全新的觀點並改變使用者的生活習性。純網路銀行開放後，是否促使傳統銀行加速改革或是影響營運，此為本文探討的要點。本研究以產出導向距離函數，除了探討純網路銀行與傳統銀行之技術效率，並進一步分析生產力的變動。研究結果顯示，傳統銀行分別在共同技術效率及技術缺口有較佳的表現，然而純網路銀行的共同技術效率在2018年開始呈現反轉。其次，在Malmquist生產力指數方面，純網路銀行比傳統銀行佳，其主要來自於技術效率的改善。  Asia’s first Internet-only bank was established in Japan in 2000. The emerging industry introduces innovative technologies into the financial industry to bring new perspectives and change users’ habits. This study analyzes whether the establishment of Internet-only banks accelerates the reform and affects the operations of conventional banks. Because Internet-only and conventional banks differ in characteristics and production techniques, this study uses metafrontier output-oriented distance functions to compare the technical efficiency of these two bank types. The results show that conventional banks demonstrate the higher technical efficiency of the metafrontier and technology gap ratio. However, a continual improvement in Internet-only banks’ technical efficiency of the metafrontier has been observed since 2018. Compared with conventional banks, Internet-only banks have a higher Malmquist productivity index. A closer examination reveals that technical efficiency variations constitute the main driver of growth in Internet-only banks.