Identity and Social Bonds

J. Raz
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Abstract

The chapter first argues that there is no problem about how to justify partialities (though there is a difficulty in justifying impartialities). Then it considers the role of consent in justifying rights and duties, using voluntary associations as a case in which consent has an important but limited role in doing so, a role determined and circumscribed by evaluative considerations. The values explain why consent can bind, and bind one to act as one does not wish to do and even as one judges to be ill-advised. That opens the way to an explanation of how value considerations relate to non-voluntary membership in socially constituted groups, generating rights and duties that to a considerable extent are independent of the individual’s aims and preferences.
身份与社会联系
本章首先论证了如何证明偏颇性是没有问题的(尽管证明不偏不倚是有困难的)。然后,它考虑了同意在证明权利和义务正当性方面的作用,并以自愿结社为例,说明同意在证明权利和义务正当性方面发挥着重要但有限的作用,这种作用是由评价性考虑决定和限制的。这些价值观解释了为什么同意可以约束一个人,并约束一个人去做他不想做的事,甚至是一个人认为是不明智的。这为解释价值考虑如何与社会构成群体的非自愿成员关系开辟了道路,这种关系产生了在很大程度上独立于个人目标和偏好的权利和义务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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