SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT SORBENTS FROM PLANT WASTE

Abstract

The possibility of creating a wide range of carbon adsorbents is greatly facilitated by the variety of the initial carbon-containing raw materials and technologies for its processing. At present, the main raw materials for the industrial production of adsorbents are wood, fossil coal, peat, remnants of processing of agricultural raw materials, and some polymeric materials. Lignin and carbon black (soot) are used much less frequently. However, potentially carbon adsorbents can be obtained from a much wider range of solid, liquid and gaseous carbonaceous substances, many of which are currently considered only useless domestic and industrial waste. Thus, adsorbents with satisfactory characteristics, active in specific technological processes, can be synthesized from waste wood and bark, lignin and the pulp and paper industry, activated sludge, associated gases, etc. On the basis of it was received by the sorbent capable to catch oil. Its capacity is 1–2 g/g, but the cleaning efficiency can reach 90 %. The black ash walnut shell has excellent absorption properties and is not inferior in quality to the best brands of activated carbon. Surface treatment of water or wastewater proposed sorbent was carried out at 0–100 °C. Regeneration of used sorbent spend its processing hydrocarbon solvents (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) or organic solvents (alcohols, etc.) or mixtures thereof.