Застосування фотограмметричних методів у керамології

Abstract

Подано досвід використання фотограмметрії в керамології (необхідні прилади, обладнання,програмне забезпечення, процес фіксації та його особливості для певних глиняних виробів,опрацювання вихідних результатів). Описано метрологічні дослідження 3D-моделей, розрахункиплощі та об’єму, створення цілої форми виробу. Three-dimensional modeling and photogrammetry are increasingly used in various fields of historicalscience – from the capture of large areas of archaeological sites and objects, to the smallest artifacts.Authors of the article have created more than 30 models of artifacts, including ceramics, in the photolaboratory. The accumulated base allows to use and develop the newest methods in archaeological science– creation of models of ceramic products and their fragments, restoration of an integral form of a productand metrological researches of models, creation of a full form of a product from even small fragments.The processing program builds a model with preservation of all natural proportions and the sizes,that allows to carry out exact digital metrological measurements. You can also export orthophotos of theartifact in any projection. With the help of markers the program measures the object, allows to do it inplaces that are difficult to measure in the laboratory on a natural artifact. The 3D-editor allows to crosssections of the artifact and its profiles. The program calculates the area of the polygons of the createdmodel – the area of the artifact, which can be useful in certain studies. The volume of the ceramic materialof the model can be also calculated. This information will allow us to introduce into archaeological sciencea new indicator for the characteristics of utensils, namely the density (g/cm3) of ceramic material. Withthe help of a 3D model, it became possible to measure the internal useful volume of the vessel.The digital programs can reproduce a virtual whole shape of the vessel without the physicalrestoration of the artifact itself, copying parts of the product and replacing them with missing parts. Inaddition, the 3D-editor allows to create a model of the artifact, even on the basis of a small fragment of it.