Widowhood as a Social Problem in Post-War Sverdlovsk (According to the Census of 1959)

L. Mazur, O. Gorbachev
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Abstract

Based on the census of 1959, the study examines the phenomenon of post-war widowhood, including the socio-demographic portrait of widows in Sverdlovsk, as well as the characteristics of families headed by widows. The article is based on information from survey forms preserved in the archive and transcribed into a database that includes two tables: “Population of the city of Sverdlovsk. 1959» (4,715 entries) and “Family of the city of Sverdlovsk. 1959» (2,079 entries). To assess the level and frequency of widowhood, general and special coefficients were used to determine the impact of military losses on the family structure of the city, characterised by the archaisation of family and marriage relations as a result of the spread of intra-family consolidation strategies (an increase in the number of extended families). The transformation of single-parent families into typical social organisation was also considered. The unprecedented military losses of the male population during the Great Patriotic War exacerbated the gender imbalance that began to take shape at the end of the 19th century and particularly manifested during the First World War and the Civil War. The 1940s–1950s differ from the 1920s in that this is the time of the completion of the demographic transition, characterised by a change in the model of family and marriage behaviour, a tendency towards family nuclearisation.
战后斯维尔德洛夫斯克的寡妇问题(根据1959年人口普查)
根据1959年的人口普查,这项研究审查了战后丧偶现象,包括斯维尔德洛夫斯克寡妇的社会人口状况,以及以寡妇为户主的家庭的特点。这篇文章是基于档案中保存的调查表格的信息,并转录到一个数据库中,该数据库包括两个表格:“1959年斯维尔德洛夫斯克市人口”(4,715项)和“1959年斯维尔德洛夫斯克市家庭”(2,079项)。为了评估丧偶的水平和频率,一般系数和特殊系数被用来确定军事损失对城市家庭结构的影响,其特征是家庭内部巩固战略的传播(大家庭数量的增加)导致家庭和婚姻关系的古建筑化。还审议了单亲家庭向典型社会组织的转变。卫国战争期间男性人口前所未有的军事损失加剧了性别失衡,这种失衡在19世纪末开始形成,在第一次世界大战和内战期间尤为突出。20世纪40 - 50年代与20世纪20年代的不同之处在于,这是人口结构转型完成的时期,其特征是家庭和婚姻行为模式的变化,家庭核心化的趋势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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