Genetic Diversity Assessment of Japanese persimmon Using Morphological Markers and Its Contribution towards Livelihood in District Gilgit

T. Khan
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Abstract

Japanese persimmon ( ) is a delicious fruit tree. It is grown relatively warm areas (<1500 m asl) of Gilgit Baltistan. Around four million tons are produced globally. China, being major producer contributes almost 80% followed by Korea and Japan (0.4 and 0.2 million tons) respectively. Asian countries collectively produce 95% of the total worldwide production. There is no record of persimmon production is available from Pakistan. However, Gilgit-Baltistan has the highest production followed by Swat. Study conducted in district Gilgit revealed that it has least contribution into local economy. Fruit is harvested in October to December. Mature plant produces an average of 151.8kg (Std. Dev.103.58749) annually. Sixty-four percent is sold for a mean price of 13.2 (Std. Dev.6.62) Pak rupees per kilogram. Mean household consumption was 25.65kg (Std. Dev.25.52). Mean DBH of 78.59cm (Std. Dev. 54.5136) and 20 ft high. Average life span estimate was 59.3-year (Std. Dev. 27.57198). Contrary to several medicinal uses in the world, people (>98%) in the area never use it as medicine except some rare use for skin fairness and improving blood circulation (<2%). About 80% trees flower as early as in April, fruiting starts in May (82%) and 84% harvested in November. Majority population (78%) is disease free. Around 78% farmers believe that it requires low water and fertilization. Mean leaf size was 257.52cm 2 (length 11.57cm, width 22.2cm). Ten leaves have a mean weight of 0.82g. Mean fruit height recorded was 4.2cm, diameter 6.0cm and weight 121.4g. Three varieties exist in the area. Dendrogram constructed using Hierarchical clustering showed that use of leave and fruit quantitative morphological characters cannot be used towards any discrimination and taxonomic classification. There is no selective breeding nor any value chain development programmes to improve depreciating gene pool in changing climatic conditions. Besides, its promotional efforts, detailed investigations are required to document biochemical, molecular and morphological markers.
吉尔吉特地区日本柿子形态标记遗传多样性评价及其对生计的贡献
日本柿子是一种美味的果树。它生长在相对温暖的地区(98%),除了一些罕见的用于美白皮肤和改善血液循环(<2%)外,从未将其用作药物。约80%的树木早在4月开花,5月开始结果(82%),84%在11月收获。大多数人口(78%)没有疾病。大约78%的农民认为这种种植方式需要较少的水和施肥。平均叶片大小为257.52cm 2(长11.57cm,宽22.2cm)。十片叶子的平均重量为0.82克。果实平均高4.2cm,直径6.0cm,重121.4g。该地区有三个品种。用层次聚类方法构建的树形图表明,叶片和果实的数量形态特征不能用于任何区分和分类。没有选择性育种,也没有任何价值链发展计划来改善不断变化的气候条件下贬值的基因库。除此之外,它的推广努力,需要详细的调查记录生化,分子和形态标记。
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