Zygomatic Implants: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Zygoma implants, also known as zygomatic implants, differ from traditional dental implants in that they are placed in the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) instead of the maxilla (upper jaw). These implants are used when there is insufficient bone quantity or quality in the maxilla to support regular dental implants. Insufficient maxillary bone volume can result from bone resorption, maxillary sinus pneumatization, or a combination of both factors. In the posterior area of the upper jaw, a minimum bone height of approximately 10 mm is typically required for successful implant placement. When there is not enough bone available, bone grafting and sinus lifting procedures are performed to increase the volume of bone. However, these procedures have drawbacks such as prolonged care, limitations on denture use, potential complications at the donor surgical site, and the risk of graft rejection.