The Representation of 30 September 1965 Tragedy’s Violence in Leontin Dewangga, Ode untuk Selembar KTP, and Dendang Perempuan Pendendam Short Stories: A New Historicism Study

Abstract

This research is conducted to describe the representation of (1) direct (physical) violence committed by the New Order government Indonesia in the Leontin Dewangga, Ode Untuk Selembar KTP, and Dendang Perempuan Pendendam short stories; (2) indirect violence (structural) committed by the New Order government Indonesia in the Leontin Dewangga, Ode Untuk Selembar KTP, and Dendang Perempuan Pendendam short stories. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, since the objects of the research were literary texts. Content analysis was deployed, while the instrument was human instrument, which means that the researcher is positioned as the one who has gained the knowledge about the theory of violence proposed by Johan Galtung, and New Historicism was used to make further analysis of kinds of violence in literary works. The procedures of this research were (1) parallel reading technique; (2) the analysis used to study further about the Leontin Dewangga, Ode Untuk Selembar KTP, and Dendang Perempuan Pendendam short stories made by Martin Aleida was New Historicism. In this research, literary texts data having any connection with any kinds of violence in September 30, 1965 were aligned with non-literature texts related in the short stories by all means to integrate them with the literary texts analyzed. The results of the research show the short stories analyzed reflect two representations of violence, (1) the representation of direct violence (physical) done by the New Order of government towards PKI sympathizers; (2) the representation of indirect violence (structural) done by the New Order of government towards PKI sympathizer.