Assessment of plasticity and stability of seed quality indicators of soybean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin

Abstract

Purpose. To substantiate the main causes of land degradation and desertification in Ukraine in the conditions of intensification of agricultural production and climate change. Carry out a comparative assessment and calculations of their balance. Methods. Monitoring research and ecological evaluation of varieties, system and statistical analysis and their synthesis. Results. The results of evaluation of 50 soybean varieties in the post-registration study on the quality of seeds in terms of its chemical composition are highlighted. The basic indicators of ranking the initial mass of soybean varieties by the content of protein, fat, fiber and ash in the seeds from the standpoint of plasticity and stability of indicators for a five-year evaluation cycle were determined. On the basis of the ratio of the criteria of plasticity (bi) and stability (Si2 ) features of formation of the chemical composition of soybean seeds by the main components taking into account the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the peculiarities of growth processes are determined. Classifying groups of varieties by the nature of stable or unstable types of formation of indicators in the context of varieties of different ecological and geographical origin are distinguished. A comparative assessment of the selection value of the varieties bred at the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS of Ukraine by the indicators of formation of qualitative composition of seeds from the standpoint of compliance with modern requirements for technological qualities of seeds was carried out. Soybean varieties with high and stable indicators of protein, fat, fiber and ash content and genotypes that have combination of the basic indicators of seed quality were determined from the general array of varieties. Conclusions. Application of the evaluation mechanism for ecological plasticity and stability of 50 soybean varieties in the post-registration study allowed grouping them according to the basic indicators of seed quality and selection of breeding valuable genotype that combine high protein and fat content. According to the results of the assessment of plasticity and stability from the general set of varieties, Anthracite, Artemida, Millennium, KiVin, Omega Vinnytska, Femida, Triada, Sozvezdiye, Kobza, Krynytsia, Gali, Danko varieties should be distinguished.