On Secondary Long Vowels in Mongolic Loanwords in Kirghiz

Nuraiym Satylkanova
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Abstract

Regardless of the modern settlement of their speakers, the South Siberian Turkic languages evidence the largest number of Mongolic loanwords. At the same time, the layer of the loanwords in these languages varies greatly. Interestingly, the Kirghiz language has quite a few Mongolic borrowings, following the number of borrowings from South Siberian Turkic languages. According to my preliminary compiled materials, more than 300 words are indisputably of Mongolic origin. Most of these Mongolic loanwords were most likely borrowed in the early Yenisei period. As with the South Siberian Turkic languages (Tuvan, Khakas, Yakut, etc.) in Kirghiz, it is difficult to distribute the Mongolic loanwords into earlier and later layers. For example, Kirghiz has an early characteristic feature in the length patterns -aγu-, -aγa-, -oγa-, iγu-, -egü-, -öge-, -uγu-, -igü-, which can be attributed to the middle period of the Kirghiz language. In Kirghiz, strong labial vowel harmony is clearly and consistently implemented, especially in the Northern Kirghiz dialect. This might have influenced the long vowel patterns in Mongolic loanwords. This type of vowel harmony affected the development of the long vowels in the Mongolic loanwords due to the loss of intervocalic guttural consonant g. Long vowels in Mongolic loanwords in Kirghiz are observed only in those cases where the long vowels arose from the patterns -aγu-, -aγa, -oγa-, -iγu-, -egü, -öge-, -uγu, -igü-.
试论吉尔吉斯语蒙古外来词的次长元音
不管他们的使用者是谁,南西伯利亚突厥语的蒙古外来词数量最多。同时,这些语言的外来词的层次差异很大。有趣的是,吉尔吉斯语有相当多的蒙古语借用,之后从南西伯利亚突厥语借用的数量。根据我初步整理的资料,有300多个字是无可争议的蒙古语词源。这些蒙古外来词大多是叶尼塞早期的外来词。与吉尔吉斯语中的南西伯利亚突厥语(图瓦语、卡卡斯语、雅库特语等)一样,蒙古外来词很难划分为早、晚两层。例如,吉尔吉斯语在-aγu-、-aγa-、-oγa-、iγu-、-egü-、-öge-、-uγu-、-igü-等长度模式上具有较早的特征,可归因于吉尔吉斯语的中期发展。在柯尔克孜语中,浓重的唇元音和谐清晰、连贯,尤其是在柯尔克孜北部方言中。这可能影响了蒙古外来词的长元音模式。蒙古族外来词的长元音只有在-aγu-、-aγa、-oγa-、-iγu-、-egü、-öge-、-uγu、-igü-等模式中出现时才会出现长元音。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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