Images of russian home and the motive of homelessness in the literature XX-XXI centuries

Abstract

The article is devoted to the image of home as it was formed in the XX century Russian literature and as it continues to develop in modern literature. It is associated with the tragic motif of loss, which dates back to A. P. Chekhov's comedy “The Cherry Orchard”. This motif was developed by M. Bulgakov, albeit on entirely different material, in the novella “Heart of a Dog” and in the novel “The Master and Margarita”.The article examines different interpretations of the image of home: it is the city house in the poetry of the war years ( K. Simonov' work), in the Russian emigration literature (V. Nabokov, N. Osorgin), in the artistic world of writers of the new peasant movement (P. Vasiliev), in the literature of socialist realism (S. Babaevsky), in the village prose of the second half of the XX century (V. Rasputin), as well as in modern literature (R. Senchin). The image of home in the 20th-century Russian literature acquires two aspects: on the one hand, it is not seen as an urban multi-story building or a wooden village house, but as a civilizational phenomenon; on the other hand, the writers reflect on the tragic loss of this home and consider the situation as one of homelessness and restlessness, which is clearly indicated by the literary pseudonym of one of the most complex and tragic characters in the novel “The Master and Margarita” by M. Bulgakov: Ivan Bezdomny (Homeless). The tragic perception of the loss of home reaches its climax in V. Rasputin's story “Farewell to Matyora”, where this theme takes on a mythological character: the loss of the Russian home is equated with the end of Atlantis. But if Atlantis perished as a result of a natural disaster insurmountable for man, then the death of Matera at the bottom of the man-made sea acquires an even more tragic meaning.