Cellular telephones: hazards or not?

Abstract

Guidelines for limiting EM exposure provide protection against known adverse health effects. Biological effects, on the other hand, may or may not result in an adverse health effect. Main biological effects are reviewed: nervous system, cellular level, and molecular level. Some attention is given to devices affecting eye, ear, and heart. PW and ELF modulation are compared with CW fields. The influence of the near-field is discussed. There is a serious concern among the population in Europe about possible adverse biological effects due to GSM base stations. Quite surprisingly however, there is no concern about TV and FM exposure. The question of the "microwave syndrome" raises again. Low intensity exposure is discussed. Recommendations are analyzed in detail. Health issues are reviewed. Main references are given.