Evaluation of Morphological Attributes in Tea Progenies Arising from Gamma-Treated Seeds

R. C. Muoki, P. Kamau, S. Kamunya, O. Kiplagat, C. Kawira
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Abstract

A key step in characterization of germplasm is the identification of phenotypic variation present in a given population. A study was carried out to determine the effect of different dosages of gamma rays (50 and 100Gy) on phenotypic variation using 21 standardized morphological descriptors of the UPOV Tea Test Guidelines. The trial comprised of open-pollinated seed stocks from six commercial tea cultivars namely TRFCA SFS150, TRFK 303/1199, EPK C12, GW Ejulu-L, TRFK 301/1 and TRFK 301/4 along with untreated controls. Data was collected for three seasons (dry, warm wet and cold wet) using five randomly selected plants from each treatment. Principle Component Analysis using 17 informative descriptors showed the first eight principal components accounted for 78% of the total variance, with 15 being highly informative. Cluster analysis further identified characters such as young shoot anthocyanin colouration at base of the petiole, leaf blade shape/color/length, shoot color/length, density of pubescence, plant vigour and density of branches as most discriminating descriptors resulting in four phenotypically well-defined groups. Most traits showed significant correlation, an indication that the traits could be used for indirect selection. The study provides a basis for rapid and early screening of base populations for identification of elite cultivars.
伽玛处理茶叶种子形态性状的评价
种质特征鉴定的关键步骤是确定给定种群中存在的表型变异。采用UPOV茶叶试验指南的21个标准化形态描述符,开展了一项研究,以确定不同剂量的伽马射线(50和100Gy)对表型变异的影响。该试验包括来自TRFCA SFS150、TRFK 303/1199、EPK C12、GW Ejulu-L、TRFK 301/1和TRFK 301/4 6个商品茶品种的开放授粉种子,以及未经处理的对照。数据收集于三个季节(干季、暖湿季和冷湿季),每个处理随机选择5株植株。使用17个信息描述符的主成分分析显示,前8个主成分占总方差的78%,其中15个是高度信息的。聚类分析进一步发现嫩芽叶柄基部花青素着色、叶片形状/颜色/长度、嫩芽颜色/长度、短柔毛密度、植株活力和分枝密度等特征是最具鉴别性的描述因子,从而形成4个表型明确的类群。大多数性状具有显著的相关性,表明这些性状可用于间接选择。该研究为快速、早期筛选基础群体、鉴定优良品种提供了依据。
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