Cytogenetic Analysis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in an Eastern Indian Population

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a common translocation known as BCR-ABL1, also referred to as the Philadelphia chromosome, that affects the primitive hematopoietic stem cell. The GLOBOCAN 2020 report estimates that there will be roughly 19.3 million new cancer diagnoses and 10 million cancer-related deaths in 2020. A fusion oncoprotein called BCR-ABL1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that is essential for the development of CML, can be inhibited to slow the course of the illness. The bone marrow and peripheral blood pile up different forms of immature and mature granulocytes or blast cells. In the previous study of CML in India, the annual incidence was reported to be 0.8 to 2.2 per 100,000 population. In leukemia, the most, common type is CML in India. Therefore, chromosomal analysis of CML plays an essential aspect in diagnosing leukemia patients. In the current study, 130 CML cases from the Eastern Indian population ranging in age from 7 to 79 years were cytogenetically analysed (mean of 36). In the study population, the male to female ratio was 1.24:1, with 72 males (55.38%) and 58 women (44.61%) participating. 122 (93.7%) of the 130 cases could be successfully karyotyped, whereas 8 (6.3%) failed culture tests. Out of the 130 cases that were noted, 25 (19.25%) had karyotypes that were normal, while 97 (74.61%) had the Philadelphia (Ph’) chromosome, which has the distinctive translocation t(9;22); Ph’+ve. Furthermore, we conclude that while more advanced molecular techniques cannot entirely replace cytogenetics, which continues to be the focus of laboratory studies into the condition, they can be used in conjunction with it to help diagnose of chronic myeloid leukemia.