PROBLEM OF ACHIEVING A FULL-FLEDGED REALIA TRANSLATION

Abstract

Background. The researchers’ task is to determine in due time the main trends leading to changes in languages, their structures in order to be able to influence negative phenomena, turning them into positive dynamics. Purpose. The purpose of the study reflected in this article is to establish the main methods and techniques for translating realia in a fiction text as well as to highlight the features of the transfer of Sovietisms from Russian into English and German and identify the difference in the transfer of the same lexeme from one language to another in a verbal and verbal-non-verbal environment. Materials and methods. Analyzing and comparing the translations from Russian into English and into German of the novel Heart of a Dog by M.A. Bulgakov and the film directed by V.V. Bortko of the same name Heart of a Dog , we can assert that translators, using many of the means and methods of conveying the realia in translation, sometimes agreeing in opinions, sometimes choosing different ways, giving preference to the means most appropriate to the specific perception of the works, most often choose such ways of conveying Sovietism as calcification, transcription, in most cases in the form of «vocabulary» transcription, which makes it possible to talk about the use of equivalents, functional analogue and replacement. Results. The data in the article demonstrate the difference of realia translation of the novel and its film adaptation. The results agree well with previous observations and prove the need for further study. Practical implications. The results reflected in the article can be used in research activity, in teaching and other spheres of education.