Immigration In Spain: Migratory Routes, Cooperation With Third Countries and Human Rights in Return Procedures.

I. García
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En particular, el analisis se centra en los mecanismos politicos y operativos establecidos por las autoridades espanolas para mantener el control de sus fronteras maritimas, especialmente en las Islas Canarias. Estas fronteras maritimas se controlan mediante medidas unilaterales de vigilancia (Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Exterior –SIVE-), cooperacion bilateral (acuerdos interestatales con Marruecos y otros paises del Africa subsahariana) y cooperacion regional (dentro de la Union Europea –UE-). Este estudio destaca como el aumento de la cooperacion entre Espana y los Estados africanos en la interceptacion de inmigrantes en los paises de origen y transito ha alterado las rutas migratorias. Igualmente, se analiza la practica espanola de las devoluciones en caliente de inmigrantes, tras los asaltos a las vallas fronterizas de Ceuta y Melilla, la llegada a nado a Ceuta o por via maritima a las Islas y Penones espanoles en el norte de Africa, en el marco del acuerdo hispano-marroqui de readmision de extranjeros entrados ilegalmente de 1992. Finalmente, se plantea como el refuerzo del control fronterizo es insuficiente para frenar los flujos migratorios, si no se complementa con politicas comunes en los paises europeos de destino y con mayores inversiones en los paises de origen, que den a sus ciudadanos la oportunidad de tener un nivel de vida mas alto y superar la tentacion de emigrar, como primera opcion EnglishFollowing a brief overview of immigration in Spain, the present paper first analyses the main routes of irregular immigration into Spain, giving recent data on the number of arrivals by sea and land to the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands and Spanish territories in North Africa. The sea has traditionally been the main route of entry to Spanish territory for immigrants primarily from Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the years 2013 to 2015 proved an exception to this rule, with immigration by land outstripping that by sea due to an increase in the arrival of Syrian immigrants to the cities of Ceuta and above all Melilla. Next, a description is given of the political and operational mechanisms established by the Spanish authorities to control Spain’s maritime borders, especially in the Canary Islands. Such border control is achieved through unilateral surveillance measures (the Integrated External Surveillance System, Spanish initials: SIVE), bilateral cooperation (inter-state agreements with Morocco and other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa) and regional cooperation within the European Union (EU). This is followed by a discussion of how immigration routes have been affected by increased cooperation between Spain and African States to intercept immigrants in their countries of origin or during transit. There is likewise an analysis of Spain’s use of summary returns or pushbacks following assaults or jumps on the border fences surrounding Ceuta and Melilla and attempts of arrival by swimming in Ceuta or by sea to Spanish islands and islets in North Africa, within the framework of the 1992 Spanish-Mo-roccan agreement on readmission of foreigners who have entered irregularly. Lastly, we argue that the reinforcement of border control alone is insufficient to curb migration flows: to be effective, it must be accompanied by common policies in the European countries of destination and increased investment in the countries of origin to provide their citizens with the opportunity to obtain a higher standard of living and overcome the temptation to emigrate as a first option","PeriodicalId":333001,"journal":{"name":"Paix et Securite Internationales","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Paix et Securite Internationales","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.25267/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2019.i7.06","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

espanolTras una breve presentacion de la inmigracion en Espana, se analizan las principales vias de entrada a Espana para la inmigracion ilegal, con datos recientes del numero de llegadas por via maritima y terrestre al territorio peninsular y balear, al archipielago canario y a los territorios espanoles en el norte de Africa. Las rutas maritimas se consolidan como la tradicional forma de acceso al territorio espanol para los inmigrantes procedentes, principalmente, del Africa Subsahariana. Una excepcion se dio en los anos 2013 a 2015, en los que la inmigracion por via terrestre fue superior a la maritima, debido al incremento de la llegada de inmigrantes sirios a las Ciudades de Ceuta y, principalmente, de Melilla. En particular, el analisis se centra en los mecanismos politicos y operativos establecidos por las autoridades espanolas para mantener el control de sus fronteras maritimas, especialmente en las Islas Canarias. Estas fronteras maritimas se controlan mediante medidas unilaterales de vigilancia (Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Exterior –SIVE-), cooperacion bilateral (acuerdos interestatales con Marruecos y otros paises del Africa subsahariana) y cooperacion regional (dentro de la Union Europea –UE-). Este estudio destaca como el aumento de la cooperacion entre Espana y los Estados africanos en la interceptacion de inmigrantes en los paises de origen y transito ha alterado las rutas migratorias. Igualmente, se analiza la practica espanola de las devoluciones en caliente de inmigrantes, tras los asaltos a las vallas fronterizas de Ceuta y Melilla, la llegada a nado a Ceuta o por via maritima a las Islas y Penones espanoles en el norte de Africa, en el marco del acuerdo hispano-marroqui de readmision de extranjeros entrados ilegalmente de 1992. Finalmente, se plantea como el refuerzo del control fronterizo es insuficiente para frenar los flujos migratorios, si no se complementa con politicas comunes en los paises europeos de destino y con mayores inversiones en los paises de origen, que den a sus ciudadanos la oportunidad de tener un nivel de vida mas alto y superar la tentacion de emigrar, como primera opcion EnglishFollowing a brief overview of immigration in Spain, the present paper first analyses the main routes of irregular immigration into Spain, giving recent data on the number of arrivals by sea and land to the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands and Spanish territories in North Africa. The sea has traditionally been the main route of entry to Spanish territory for immigrants primarily from Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the years 2013 to 2015 proved an exception to this rule, with immigration by land outstripping that by sea due to an increase in the arrival of Syrian immigrants to the cities of Ceuta and above all Melilla. Next, a description is given of the political and operational mechanisms established by the Spanish authorities to control Spain’s maritime borders, especially in the Canary Islands. Such border control is achieved through unilateral surveillance measures (the Integrated External Surveillance System, Spanish initials: SIVE), bilateral cooperation (inter-state agreements with Morocco and other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa) and regional cooperation within the European Union (EU). This is followed by a discussion of how immigration routes have been affected by increased cooperation between Spain and African States to intercept immigrants in their countries of origin or during transit. There is likewise an analysis of Spain’s use of summary returns or pushbacks following assaults or jumps on the border fences surrounding Ceuta and Melilla and attempts of arrival by swimming in Ceuta or by sea to Spanish islands and islets in North Africa, within the framework of the 1992 Spanish-Mo-roccan agreement on readmission of foreigners who have entered irregularly. Lastly, we argue that the reinforcement of border control alone is insufficient to curb migration flows: to be effective, it must be accompanied by common policies in the European countries of destination and increased investment in the countries of origin to provide their citizens with the opportunity to obtain a higher standard of living and overcome the temptation to emigrate as a first option
西班牙的移民:移民路线、与第三国的合作和遣返程序中的人权。
espanolTras简要性能inmigracion在西班牙西班牙入境,主要分析了一种策略,以数据非法inmigracion数量的到达起子maritima和陆路最近半岛领土和火,南海的金丝雀和午后在非洲北部领土。海上航线被巩固为主要来自撒哈拉以南非洲的移民进入西班牙领土的传统方式。一个例外是在2013年至2015年,由于叙利亚移民涌入休达,主要是梅利利亚城市,陆路移民多于海上移民。这项研究的目的是分析西班牙当局为维持对其海上边界,特别是加那利群岛的控制而建立的政治和业务机制。这些海上边界由单边监视措施(综合外部监视系统- SIVE-)、双边合作(与摩洛哥和其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家的国家间协议)和区域合作(在欧洲联盟-欧盟-内)控制。这项研究强调了西班牙和非洲国家在原籍国和过境国拦截移民方面加强合作如何改变了移民路线。也讨论了练习西班牙语的移民热的回调轮边界围栏后,休达和梅利利亚游,或通过maritima群岛和Penones午后非洲北部,在框架协议hispano-marroqui外国人readmision entrados 1992年非法。最后,被视为加强边境管制不足以遏制移徙流动,如果不补充了欧洲国家的公共政策和最大投资目的地国家,其公民有机会与更高的生活水平和消除tentacion迁移,第一选择EnglishFollowing概要overview of immigration in Spain本文首先分析了非法移民进入西班牙的主要路线,提供了通过海路和陆路抵达北非伊比利亚半岛、巴利阿里群岛、加那利群岛和西班牙领土的人数的最新数据。传统上,海洋是主要来自撒哈拉以南非洲的移民进入西班牙领土的主要途径。然而,2013年至2015年是这一规则的一个例外,由于前往休达和梅利利亚等城市的叙利亚移民人数增加,陆地移民外流。接下来,介绍西班牙当局为控制西班牙海上边界,特别是加那利群岛而建立的政治和操作机制。这种边界控制是通过单边监测措施(综合外部监测系统,西班牙语首字母缩写:SIVE)、双边合作(与摩洛哥和撒哈拉以南非洲其他国家的国家间协定)和欧洲联盟内部的区域合作实现的。随后讨论了西班牙和非洲国家在原籍国拦截移民或在过境期间加强合作如何影响移民路线。There is likewise an analysis of Spain’s use of summary returns or下列pushbacks assaults or jumps on the border fences的休达和梅利利亚和休达任何of arrival by swimming in or by sea to…islands and islets in North Africa, within the framework of the 1992年Spanish-Mo-roccan agreement on readmission of外国人有irregularly。Lastly, we争辩that the 0004 border control独处is to反腐migration flows: to be effective不足、必须附有common政策》《欧洲国家目的地和增加investment in the countries of origin)提供其公民with the opportunity to obtain a higher standard of living and克服the temptation意见作为第一个备选案文
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