Effect of Etching Method and Time on Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of a Novel Universal Adhesive to Ground Enamel

Abstract

PLA is considered one of complex acids that containspolyacrylic, polyitaconic, and polymaleic acids, it is used in etching for cavity cleaning and conditioning in restorations with glass ionomer cement.PLA forms ionic bond between carboxyl groups and calcium of HAp. 4 Another etching technique is the recently developed PPM. 12 The composition of this acid characterizes by containing a functional monomer 10-MDP. It is a versatile monomer composes oflong carbon chain with two ends of hydroxyl groups. Thus, chemical reaction with dental substrates, resulting in higher bonding strength rather than mechanical adhesion only. 15