ACCESS TO MEDICINE

A. Mustafa, Anam Yasmeen
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Availability and access to the health care facility is a fundamental right of human, it is the timely used of services according to the needs. It is included in International treaties and is recognized by authorities and various Governments throughout the world. What does it means the access to medicine? According to WHO (World Health Organization) access to medicines is “having medicines continuously available and affordable at public or private health facilities or medicine outlets that are within one hour’s walk from the homes of the population”. The affordability and availability of medicines is directly related to the strength of health care system, but the high prices of the medicines, prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (diabetes, hypertension) and increasing demand of patients are the major obstacles in this regard. According to Forbes “at least 2 billion people don’t have access to medicines  and 1 billion people live in extreme poverty (less than $1.25 per day) and 2.2 billion live on less than $2 per day which is quite disturbing situation”.  The World Health Organization (WHO) analyzed the global production of pharmaceutical products and it was concluded that 15% of the world’s population consumes over 90% of them. And by World Health Organization it is also estimated that one-third of the developing world population is unable to receive or purchase essential medicine on a regular basis, especially those which are on high demand. The situation is even worst in the under-privileged countries like Africa and Asia, where approximately 50% of the total population does not have sufficient medicines access and healthcare resources and the remaining 50% are using medication incorrectly. However about 10 million lives a year could be saved out of which 4 million in Africa and South-East Asia alone, if we improve the availability, balanced distribution and rational use of medicines. The overall situation of global access to essential medicines is still considered critical. In the privileged countries the budget for healthcare facilities corresponds to 24-66% of National health expenses, which indicates that there is need to monitor the availability and affordability of medicines in these countries. National policies, economical cost of medicine and strategies of procurement are required to ensure the availability of medicines cost-effectively. The people with low income and in-equal health can’t afford costly services of healthcare system.  The policies for the improvement of infrastructure, financing of medical system and the rational use of medicines are formulated and followed on primarily basis. And Governments need reliable information in order to evaluate the impact of policy implementation. In addition to the cost and availability of medicines, it is mandatory to assess the quality of use     and various aspects, such as rational medicine use, adherence of patients and appropriate prescription practices. Thus the access to healthcare system can be made effective, by the assessment of practices in facilities like record reviews and National expert reports. That’s why we are providing healthcare facilities to each person with the help of balanced geographical distribution. The 2016 Index showed that there is moderate progress by the pharmaceutical industries to improve medicines access.  Besides these Pharmaceutical industries should play their role to perk up the medicines access. There is not any particular strategy that suits all systems, but all systems need to promote the provision of new medicinal products, by ensuring medical advancement, improving communication barriers and affordable treatment. And a Reliable Health and Supply system must provide all aspects of health system like procurement, supply and regulation of the medicines.
获得药品
获得和利用卫生保健设施是人的一项基本权利,它是根据需要及时使用服务。它被列入国际条约,并得到世界各国当局和各国政府的承认。获得药物是什么意思?根据世卫组织(世界卫生组织)的定义,获得药品是指"在距离居民住所一小时步行路程内的公共或私人卫生设施或药品销售点持续提供和负担得起的药品"。药品的可负担性和可获得性与卫生保健系统的实力直接相关,但药品的高价格、非传染性疾病(糖尿病、高血压)的流行和患者需求的增加是这方面的主要障碍。据《福布斯》报道,“至少有20亿人无法获得药品,10亿人生活在极端贫困中(每天不到1.25美元),22亿人每天生活费不到2美元,这是非常令人不安的局面”。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)分析了全球药品生产,得出的结论是,世界上15%的人口消费了90%以上的药品。世界卫生组织还估计,发展中世界三分之一的人口无法定期获得或购买基本药物,特别是需求量很大的药物。非洲和亚洲等贫困国家的情况更糟,在这些国家,大约50%的人口没有足够的药品和卫生保健资源,其余50%的人用药不正确。然而,如果我们改善药品的供应、均衡分配和合理使用,每年可以挽救大约1 000万人的生命,其中仅非洲和东南亚就有400万人。全球获得基本药物的总体情况仍然被认为是危急的。在享有特权的国家,用于保健设施的预算相当于国家保健费用的24-66%,这表明有必要监测这些国家药品的可得性和可负担性。需要国家政策、药物的经济成本和采购战略,以确保具有成本效益地提供药物。低收入和健康状况不平等的人负担不起昂贵的医疗保健服务。基础设施建设、医疗体制融资、合理用药等政策的制定和落实得到初步落实。各国政府需要可靠的信息来评价政策执行的影响。除了药物的成本和可得性之外,还必须评估使用质量和各个方面,例如合理用药、患者的依从性和适当的处方做法。因此,通过评估记录审查和国家专家报告等设施的做法,可以有效地获得医疗保健系统。这就是为什么我们在均衡地域分配的帮助下为每个人提供医疗设施的原因。2016年指数显示,制药行业在改善药品可及性方面取得了适度进展。此外,这些制药行业应该发挥自己的作用,以提高药品的可及性。没有适合所有系统的特定战略,但所有系统都需要通过确保医疗进步、改善沟通障碍和负担得起的治疗来促进新药品的提供。一个可靠的卫生和供应系统必须提供卫生系统的所有方面,如药品的采购、供应和监管。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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