Motion Conflict Detection in the Smart Tachograph

Abstract

The Smart Tachograph (ST), the new revision of the Digital Tachograph (DT), has to verify periodically the consistency of data from different sensors in order to mitigate the risks of frauds. In this respect, a test procedure is specified for the detection of motion conflicts originating from inconsistencies between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and odometry data. This paper provides an experimental evaluation of the motion conflict detection procedure specified by the ST regulation. Several hours of data were collected using two vehicles equipped with a multi-constellation GNSS receiver and an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) data reader. The data collected were then used to implement the tests prescribed by the ST regulation and evaluate their effectiveness. The analysis shows that the new regulation significantly strengthens the DT against possible attacks, such as GNSS meaconing. In particular, an attacker is forced to falsify data simultaneously and coherently from both the vehicle sensor and the GNSS receiver. Moreover, it is shown that the metrics selected for the tests are resilient to data gaps and relative delays between GNSS and odometer data.