Reasons of migration displacements to European union countries, inequality and poverty

Abstract

Globalization has a positive effect on the growth of migration movements, economic and social development. The purpose of this study is to identify the main causes of migration movements and factors that affect migrants to obtain citizenship in receiving countries. Over the past twelve years, the migration surplus accounted for twenty-three European Union countries. Our study allowed us to conclude that the share of migrants remaining in the country is directly affected by the level of labour productivity per employee, and the opposite is affected by: 1) an indicator of overcrowding relative to the level of poverty; 2) the risk level of poverty of migrant workers and 3) the unemployment rate. Despite the presence of return migration, the largest percentage of people who have received citizenship in the countries of the European Union accounts for: Greece 73.3%, Latvia 56.6%, Sweden 38.9%, France 37%, Estonia 30%, Belgium 29%, Great Britain 28% and other countries. The main reasons for return migration are economic (due to existing investments in fixed capital in their hometown, saving from poverty and significant economic inequality in host countries) and social (due to strong family ties, obligations to older generations — parents and their children from family migrants).