Occurrence and Breaking of Rogue Waves in Deep Waters: A Stochastic Approach Revisit

Abstract

The occurrence of rogue waves in deep sea waters, and their breaking, is examined with the aid of a pdf model of joint amplitudes and frequencies. New wave breaking considerations allow kinematic, dynamic and maximum average slope concepts to be unified in a single breaking criterion, which allows a more accurate determination of the limiting am- plitudes that rogue waves can reach, including the influence of non-linearity of the wave field and the premature wave breaking concept. The probability of rogue wave occurrence does not significantly depend on the sea spectrum bandwidth. The breaking probability of rogue waves increases with the inverse wave age, but its dependence on the latter parameter weakens, as the limiting crest height criterion is stiffened. The right variation of sea surface kurtosis, and of the Benjamin Feir Index, with the (inverse) wave age and their lower than unity values reconfirms their relation to the rogue wave oc- currence.