THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN DEPENDING ON THE TIMING OF SOWING, THE DEPTH OF SEEDING AND THE BACKGROUND OF NUTRITION IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

This article presents the results of studying the sowing dates in 2016-2020. Spring wheat was sown in three terms: the first – optimally early – after pre-sowing cultivation (control), the second – 6 days after the first and the third – 12 days after the first sowing period. Studies on the depth of seeding were conducted in 2018-2020. Field experiments provided for testing the depth of seeding at 4, 6 and 8 cm. The influence of the nutrition background on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat was studied in 2018-2020 with the introduction of fertilizers based on 3 tons of grain per hectare. The studies were conducted with the zoned variety Yoldyz. The experiments were laid in the agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University on gray forest soil with a humus content of 3.1-3.4% (according to Tyurin), P2O5 – 240-260 mg and K2O – 132-180 mg per 1000 g of soil. The early sowing period in all the years of research provided a higher yield of spring wheat. With a 6-day delay in sowing, the yield decreased by an average of 0.32 tons per ha over 5 years. Planting seeds deeper than 4 cm did not provide an increase in yield, and in all years of research led to a decrease. The use of fertilizers on average for three years increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.8 t/ ha. The protein content in grain on a fertilized background was 2.6% higher, and the mass fraction of gluten was 4.1% higher.