PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CADMIUM CONTAMINATED - SOIL BY MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) PLANT

Abstract

The aim of this study was to detect the ability of two maize verities seeds (Hudeiba one and Hudeiba two) to germinate, grow and remove cadmium element from contaminated soil. In pot experiment two maize varieties (Hudeiba one and Hudeiba two) seeds were grown in soil spiked with different levels of cadmium concentration, which were 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L.). Growth parameters and concentration of cadmium in plant tissues was measured. The results showed that for the two varieties of maize Hudeiba one and Hudeiba two seeds have ability to germinate and grow under different concentration of cadmium. Also it was found that cadmium affected the most growth parameters such as leaves area, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight and dry shoot weight in all treatments. The results also indicated that the two varieties of maize (Hudeiba one, Hudeiba two) seedlings and plant, can uptake cadmium element from contaminated soil with different concentration levels up to 100 mg/kg-1. The results indicated that low concretion levels of cadmium up to 100mg/L can enhance the germination of seeds. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the accumulation of cadmium in roots was greater than in shoots for both seedlings, for the different level of concentrated. In conclusion maize variety, Hudeiba 1 and Hudeiba 2 seedlings can be used for phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil. Roots fresh weight and dry weight after ten weeks of growth period. The results indicated that fresh weight of shoot and root of the two maize varieties (Hudeiba1 and Hudeiba2) where significantly by cadmium application, while the shoot fresh weight slightly where root and shoot fresh weight were not decreased compared to control one in cadmium concentration of 100 mg/kg. for Hudeiba one fresh weight is about 96% and 99% for root fresh weight for Hudeiba two. means that the application solution so: not maize plants roots growth cadmium cadmium Hudeiba sodium ad cadmium content in maize plant ad decrease of nitrogen iron manganese, Znic and total dry weight. After ten weeks of growth the control group average dry weight of shoot was 3.1 g. Cadmium concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg-1 soil , average shoot weight were 4.2, 4.68, 3.79, and 3.33g respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant differences (P<0.05) in shoot dry weight among different cadmium convention levels, for Hudeiba one variety. Where the control averaged group dry weight of shoot of Hudieba2 was 4.12g. cadmium concentrations of 10,25,50 75 and 100 mg /kg-1 soil average shoot weight were 3.67, 3.95,4.16, 4.07 and 3.09 g respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that no significant difference (P<0.05) in shoot) weight of Hudieba two variety among different cadmium concentration levels. After ten weeks of growth results indicate that the control group averaged root dry weight was 0.35 g. cadmium concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg-1 soil average root dry weight are 0.25, 0.30, 0.31, 0.25 and 0.35 g respectively for Hudeiba one variety. Statistic analysis indicated that there was no significant differences (P< 0.05) in the root dry weight among different levels of cadmium concretions' for the Hudeiba one varieties. Whereas the control group average of Hudeiba two variety root dry weight was 0.37 g. cadmium concretion of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg-1, soil average dry weight was 0.30, 0.24, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.16 g respectively. Statistical analysis indicated slight significant difference (P>0.05) in the root dry weight of Hudieba two variety among the different levels of cadmium concentrations where the lowest root dry weight comparing with control one at the highest