Formation of communicative skills in children with autic spectric disorders

Vasyl Vyshnyovsky, Mariia Kozak
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Abstract

It is stated in the article that recently, in modern science, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of studying and correcting various developmental disorders in children. It is determined that one of the central places in the range of interests of special psychologists is the problem of autism spectrum disorders. Autism is a variant of mental development, which is manifested in isolation from reality, isolation from the outside world. Definition of autism by scientists are provided, one of which is the following: «autism is a psychopathological syndrome characterized by a lack of communication, formed on the basis of primary structural disorders or uneven development of the preconditions of communication and the secondary loss of the regulatory influence of communication on thinking and behavior». It is indicated that autism spectrum disorder is a special form of abnormal mental development, in which there are certain disorders of communicative behavior, as well as emotional contact of the child with the outside world. The main signs of autism are outlined: impaired communication, stereotyped behavior and weakened ability to social interaction. It is determined that all children with autism have problems with communication, regardless of intelligence and language development. This is manifested in the fact that it is difficult for them to get in touch with other people and there is a misunderstanding when they need to use communication. If it is not difficult for a child with autism to build a simple phrase and if he/she has a large vocabulary, it does not mean that he/she will not have difficulties in communicating. In turn, it is the established that the contact with the child promotes acceptance and understanding of features of such child, and also gives the chance to prepare for possible negative reactions and to provoke the necessary reactions. It is emphasized that an important aspect of working with a child with autism is to draw up an individual plan for working with such child It is substantiated that, in order for a child to feel comfortable in the society, it is necessary to form, develop and consolidate his/her communication skills.
自闭症谱系障碍儿童沟通技能的形成
文章指出,近年来,在现代科学中,研究和纠正儿童各种发育障碍的问题越来越受到重视。在特殊心理学家的兴趣范围内,确定的中心位置之一是自闭症谱系障碍问题。自闭症是一种心理发展的变体,表现为脱离现实,与外界隔绝。提供了科学家对自闭症的定义,其中之一是:“自闭症是一种以缺乏沟通为特征的精神病理综合征,是在沟通先决条件的初级结构性障碍或不平衡发展以及沟通对思维和行为的调节影响的继发性丧失的基础上形成的”。提示自闭症谱系障碍是一种特殊形式的智力发育异常,患儿在与外界的交流行为和情感接触方面存在一定的障碍。自闭症的主要症状是:沟通障碍、刻板行为和社交能力减弱。所有患有自闭症的儿童都有沟通障碍,无论他们的智力和语言发展如何。这表现在他们很难与其他人取得联系,当他们需要使用沟通时存在误解。如果自闭症儿童不难建立一个简单的短语,如果他/她有很大的词汇量,这并不意味着他/她在交流方面没有困难。反过来,与孩子的接触促进了对孩子特征的接受和理解,也为可能的负面反应做准备,并引发必要的反应提供了机会。本文强调,与自闭症儿童一起工作的一个重要方面是制定与自闭症儿童一起工作的个人计划。事实证明,为了使儿童在社会中感到舒适,有必要形成、发展和巩固他/她的沟通技巧。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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