Research of the corn assimilation surface formation depending on foliar feeding

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the effect of foliar fertilization with microfertilizers, plant growth regulator and bacterial preparation on the leaf surface area and individual layers of leaves of maize hybrids of different maturity groups. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, system analysis and forecast. Determination of the assimilation surface area and individual layers of leaves was performed according to the generally accepted methods. Results. Studies have shown that the largest leaf surface area was obtained in the Kharkiv 195 MV, DKS 2960 and DKS 2971 hybrids, respectively – 30.1, 27.4 and 31.8 thousand m2 per 1 ha on average for the three years of study at two foliar fertilization with Rostok corn. Similar results were obtained with foliar feeding of corn hybrids of medium-early and medium-ripe groups, except for treatment of plants with the Vympel fertilizer. In the group of early-maturing hybrids, the total leaf surface area averaged 27.0 thousand m2/ha for the three years, medium-early hybrids – 31.0 thousand m2/ha, medium-ripe – 33.3 thousand m2/ha, the area of the upper leaf, respectively – 119, 149 and 167 cm2, the area of the subcob leaf – 485, 585 and 640 thousand cm2. That is, in the group of early-maturing hybrids the leaf surface area ranged from 19.2 to 35.96 thousand m2/ha, in the group of medium-early hybrids there was a general increase in leaf area (by 4.0 thousand m2/ha) compared to the early-maturing group, and in the group of medium-ripe hybrids the highest value of the leaf surface area (33.3 thousand m2/ha) was registered, which is 6.3 thousand m2/ha higher than in the early-ripening group. Similar results were obtained for the area of the upper and subcob leaves. Conclusions. The largest total area of leaf surface and leaves of different layers was obtained by double foliar feeding in the phase of 5-7 and 10-12 leaves of corn with microfertilizers Ecolist Mono Zinc and Rostok corn both in comparison with control and with feeding with other fertilizer.