Etymologie ludowe w toponimach na pograniczu polsko-ruskim

Monika Kij
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Abstract

Toponyms are interesting linguistic material. They contain knowledge about the environment of our existence - its formation, wealth, history, and even about spatial or social relations. The purpose of this article was to obtain and analyse naming material (names and their folk etymologies) from seventeen villages located within three rural communes on both sides of the San River. The analysis was based on comparison of folk and scientific etymologies. This allowed to answer the questions of how current residents of the former ethnic borderland understand foreign names in their localities, what kind of conceptualisation of the world emerges from folk etymologies, and whether the river San as a natural obstacle significantly influenced the linguistic concepts of its right and left-bank residents. The analysis of toponyms indicates that in rural communities of the studied area, proper names were often motivated by historical, settlement and topographic specifics. Therefore, simple motivation dominates here: creators most often referred to physical properties such as shape and appearance. From other aspects, location, function and local residents were often considered. The relatively high percentage of names with foreign phonetic influences, largely incomprehensible to their contemporary users, stems from the turbulent history of this area and the overlapping Ruthenic, Slovak and other influences. No statistically important differences in conceptualisation of the world between the residents of the east and west sides of the river were detected.
地名是有趣的语言材料。它们包含了关于我们生存环境的知识——它的形成、财富、历史,甚至关于空间或社会关系。本文的目的是获取和分析位于San River两岸三个农村公社内的17个村庄的命名材料(名称及其民间词源)。这一分析是基于对民间词源和科学词源的比较。这可以回答以下问题:前民族边境地区的居民如何理解他们当地的外国名字,民间词源学产生了什么样的世界概念,以及作为天然障碍的桑河是否显著影响了其左右岸居民的语言概念。对地名的分析表明,在研究地区的农村社区中,专有名称往往受到历史、聚落和地形特征的影响。因此,简单的动机在这里占主导地位:创造者通常指的是形状和外观等物理属性。从其他方面来看,经常考虑位置、功能和当地居民。受外国语音影响的名字所占比例相对较高,当代使用者基本上无法理解,这源于该地区动荡的历史以及重叠的鲁塞尼语、斯洛伐克语和其他影响。在东岸和西岸的居民对世界的概念化方面,没有发现统计学上的重要差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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