SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF PREPOSITIONAL CASE FORMS OF THE LEXEME “STATE” IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (BASED ON LEO TOLSTOY’S PROSE)

Abstract

The close attention of linguists to the anthropocentric approach in linguistics has been observed in recent decades. Constructions with the meaning of the subject state are the subject of research within the framework of this approach. The semantics of the state is expressed by two-part and one-part constructions. The subject of consideration are analytical substantive constructions with the meaning of the subjective state. Illustrative material is from the works of Leo Tolstoy selected and using the continuous sampling method, the descriptive method and the method of syntactic transformations analyzed. Research results. The prepositional-case forms of “state” lexeme used as part of related combinations of different types that perform predicative and non-predicative functions are analyzed. The right and left distributors of this substantive form depending on each specific meaning are considered. The analyzed forms represent the realization of the semantics of the subject’s state, manifested primarily in the comparison of the sphere of personality-impersonality; the state of a subject is characterized as positive or negative, depending on whether we are talking about the physical, mental or functional state of the person. As a grammatical component of a compound verbal predicate, combinations with the word state indicate the subject’s ability to perform actions or its absence, due to the presence of appropriate skills or emotional state.