An analysis of eco-efficiency diffusion policy programs implementation in Japan: A case study of two European programs enhancing SMEs through environmental approaches

S. Furukawa, N. Odake
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Abstract

As interests in the impacts of business activities on environment have been growing, environmental policy is now shifting from the “end of pipe” stage to the next stage, “cleaner production”, which factor in the life cycles, and social efficiency. Since the early 90's, the concept of cleaner production has been recognized and promoted. An increasing trend in environmental departments of state and municipal governments in Europe is that these departments have outgrown their restriction-based environmental measures, which was originally to regulate pollution. Their concept of environmental policy has shifted to management support programs that helps small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increase their competitiveness through improving their environmental efficiency. This paper discusses and analyzes the two environmental policy programs; the case of PIUS-Check, developed and implemented by die Effizienz Agentur NRW in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and the case of ÖKOPROFIT, developed and implemented in the city of Graz, Austria. Features of the programs and social context that nurtured the programs are discussed, compared and analyzed. Then this paper examines a case study of programs transfer to Tokai Region of Japan. The method employed is participatory action research in which one of the authors participated in the process of programs transfer, as a consultant and project coordinator. The goal of this paper is to extract the conveyed meanings of partnerships and the role of public sectors through the activities of local intermediaries such as agents need to play in diffusing eco-efficiency to SMEs. The findings of the case study include that the intermediaries of the policy programs implementation and diffusion functions as the engines of innovation; innovation of such eco-efficiency diffusion program, and eco-efficiency innovation at participating SMEs. Barriers to European environmental policy programs transfer to Japan, including policy administration structure are discussed.
日本生态效率扩散政策项目实施分析:以欧洲两个通过环境方法促进中小企业发展的项目为例
随着人们越来越关注商业活动对环境的影响,环境政策正在从“管道末端”阶段转向下一个阶段,即考虑生命周期和社会效率的“清洁生产”阶段。自90年代初以来,清洁生产的概念得到了认可和推广。欧洲国家和市政府的环境部门日益增长的趋势是,这些部门已经超出了其基于限制的环境措施,这些措施最初是为了控制污染。他们的环境政策概念已经转变为帮助中小企业(SMEs)通过提高环境效率来提高竞争力的管理支持计划。本文对这两个环境政策方案进行了讨论和分析;由德国北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州die Effizienz Agentur NRW开发和实施的PIUS-Check案例,以及在奥地利格拉茨市开发和实施的ÖKOPROFIT案例。节目的特点和培育节目的社会背景进行了讨论,比较和分析。然后以日本东海地区项目转移为例进行分析。所采用的方法是参与式行动研究,其中一位作者以顾问和项目协调员的身份参与了项目转移的过程。本文的目标是通过当地中介机构(如代理商)在向中小企业传播生态效率方面所需要发挥的作用,提取伙伴关系的传达意义和公共部门的作用。案例研究发现:政策方案实施和传播的中介机构是创新的引擎;生态效率扩散方案的创新,以及参与中小企业的生态效率创新。讨论了欧洲环境政策项目向日本转移的障碍,包括政策管理结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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