Testing and Modeling Procedure of the 18650 Lithium Battery at Different Temperatures

Abstract

In this paper a two-time constant (TTC) electrical model is investigated to simulate the operation of 18650 batteries at different temperatures. To determine the parameters of the model, a new test procedure is developed, which can be used to obtain a wide range of information on the behavior of the tested batteries after 10 measurements. After performing the tests, detailed information on the constant, transient, and dynamic behavior of the battery over a wide temperature range is available. After, a statistics-based Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) aggregation operator is applied to evaluate the results. The general model is developed based on standardized parameters. Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) tests are performed to validate the simulation results. The operation of the model has been tested at 4 different temperatures: −15 °C, 0 °C, 25 °C, 60 °C. The simulation results are compared and evaluated with real measurement data.