Uji Aktivitas Antelmintik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schott) Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Kecacingan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di dunia. Munculnya strain cacing parasit yang resisten terhadap antelmintik menyebabkan pengobatan kecacingan menjadi sulit. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengujian sumber antelmintik baru. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui skrining simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.)Schoot).Ekstrak didapatkan dengan mengekstraksi serbuk simplisia daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) dengan etanol 80% secara maserasi. Uji aktivitas antelmintik menggunakan cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Pirantel pamoat dengan konsentrasi 20 mg/mL digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga ditentukan berdasarkan waktu paralisis dan lisis Pheretima hupiensis. Hasil pengujian serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.) Schoot) memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis pada konsentrasi 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL mampu membunuh cacing dengan waktu berturut-turut adalah 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 menit. Kelompok kontrol positif (pirantel pamoat) memiliki waktu kematian 107,64 menit sedangkan control negatif memberikan hasil negatif. Analisis statistika waktu kematian cacing dengan uji Tukey menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan dengan nilai p<0,05. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) mempunyai daya antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Aktivitas antelmintik meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak ethanol daun ekor naga.   Worms are a health problem in the world. The emergence of parasitic worm strains that are resistant to anthelmintics makes worm treatment difficult. Therefore it is necessary to find new anthelmintic agent. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical screening pf dried powder materialand extract as well as the antelmintic activity of ethanol extract of ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot). The extract was obtained by maceration of dried powder of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves using ethanol 80%. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Pheretima Hupiensis. Pyrantel pamoate with a concentration of 20 mg/mL was used as a positive control. The anthelmintic activity of Ekor Naga leaves ethanol extract was performed based on time of paralysis and lyse of Pheretima Hupiensis. The phytochemical screening of dried powder material and extract of Ekor naga leaves ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroid/triterpenoid. The ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) displayed the anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis with concentrations of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL that were able to destroy worms within 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 minutes, respectively. Positive control (pyrantel pamoate) induced worm mortality in 107,64 minutes meanwhile negative control did not induce mortality. Statistical analysis of worm mortality time by post hoc Tukey showed that there was a significant difference with p<0,05. Ethanol extract of Ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves demonstrated anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis. Anthelmintic activity increased with increasing concentrations of ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves