Techniques and Control Systems in Upper-Limb Bionic Prostheses: A Technological Review

Dana Terrazas-Rodas, Lily Lopez-Chavez
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Abstract

Disability is defined as a physical or mental condition that affects the interaction between individuals and their environment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 15% of the world's population suffers at least one type of disability and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) states that around 85 million people suffer a disability in Latin America. Bionic prosthesis are artificial limbs worn by people who lost a limb either through amputation of because of a congenic disease. Limb loss directly harms the patient's performance of daily chores or its work efficiency, so the prosthetics help the patient to maintain a high independency degree. In this recent review, several upper limb prosthetics are analyzed in different categories that are important requirements for the design and manufacture of new bionic prosthetics such as reference, the biosignal used for the study of the prosthesis, such as EMG or EEG, control methods like PID or PD, the control parameters, as Force (F) or Position (P) the sensors placed in the machine, e.g. Myoelectric Sensor, the actuators used, such as the DC Motors, amputation level, that could be Wrist Disarticulation (WD), and the Technological Readiness Level (TRL), which is a NASA progress measurement scale for research projects.
上肢仿生假肢技术与控制系统研究进展
残疾被定义为影响个人与其环境相互作用的身体或精神状况。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据,世界上约15%的人口至少患有一种残疾,国际复兴开发银行(IBRD)表示,拉丁美洲约有8500万人患有残疾。仿生假肢是由因截肢或因先天性疾病而失去肢体的人佩戴的假肢。肢体的丧失直接影响患者的日常生活或工作效率,因此假肢可以帮助患者保持较高的独立程度。本文对几种上肢假肢进行了分析,从不同的角度分析了仿生假肢设计和制造的重要要求,如参考文献、用于假肢研究的生物信号(如肌电传感器或脑电图)、控制方法(如PID或PD)、控制参数(如力(F)或位置(P))、放置在机器中的传感器(如肌电传感器)、使用的执行器(如直流电机)、截肢水平、可能是腕部脱臼(WD),以及技术准备水平(TRL),这是NASA用于研究项目的进度测量量表。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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