Contraception, including contraception for women living with HIV

Abstract

In 2016, the number of pregnancies in women in England and Wales under 18 reached an all-time low since records began in 1969, although over the past decade legal abortions have increased in all ages except those over 40. Approximately 60% of women undergoing a termination of pregnancy report using a method of contraception at the time of conception – usually oral contraceptives or condoms. Long-active methods of contraception are the most reliable in preventing pregnancy. This chapter details the different methods of contraception, mode of action, benefits and disadvantages of different methods, efficacy, how to start and switch methods, including contraception post-partum and in women living with HIV infection.