Uji Karakteristik Dan Sifat Mekanik Plastik Biodegradable Dari Batang Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Selulosa

Abstract

Biodegradable plastics are polymers that easily degraded by microorganisms. Plastics are obtained by mixing starch with cellulose derived from banana stems (Musa paradisiaca) and other biopolymers. This study aims to utilize kepok banana stems as raw material for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics with varying concentrations of cellulose. This experimental research was carried out by formulating the content of biodegradable plastic in three variations of cellulose concentration, F1 (100,000 ppm), F2 (150,000 ppm), and F3 (200,000 ppm) and then carried out characteristic tests including organoleptic tests, morphological tests, cluster testsfunction and mechanical properties of plastics which include tensile tests, swelling tests, and biodegradation tests using appropriate tools and methods. Results are processed based on qualitative and quantitative data with certain formulas. The result is that kepok banana stems can be made as raw material for making biodegradable plastic. biodegradable plastics from cellulose and starch of banana stems kepok have different organoleptic characteristics in terms of color, namely plastic F1 is whiter, smoother, and flexible than F2 and F3, morphological characteristics with SEM show that the density of cellulose in F1 is rare and doesnot accumulate compared F2 and F3 and the functional group test of the compounds looked the same results of the plastic mechanical test showed that all plastics not eligible the SNI requirements for the tensile test, 24.7-302 MPa, but F1 and F2 eligible for the elongation percentage, 21-220%, F2 and F3 plastics eligible swelling test requirements, maximum of 99%, and biodegradability test showsThe three plastic formulas can decompose in a fast time, starting from the 5th day to the 32nd day. Biodegradable plastic formula from banana stems which has better properties in terms of organoleptic, tensile test and percent elongation, swelling test, and biodegradability test is with a cellulose concentration of 150,000 ppm.