Classical View on Bhasma as Chief Formulation of Rasashastra: An Ayurveda Review

Abstract

Minerals and metals based drugs possess important therapeutic potential and preparation of such medicines described in Rasashastra which deals with minerals and metals based formulations. The processing techniques related to the preparation of these medicines are very specific to make these drugs nontoxic and efficacious. Shodhana means purification and Marana means incineration/calcinations are main procedures associated with the preparation of Rasa- Aushdhis. Bhasmas are important preparation of this category which is considered as herbo-metallic preparation and description of Bhasma Kalpana is found in Ayurveda Samhitas during Arsha Sampradaya. These herbo-mineral/metallic formulations (Bhasma) mainly prepared by various steps of purification, grinding, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. These drugs possess advantages of palatability, low dosing frequency, high potency, good bioavailability, optimum absorption and wide range of therapeutic spectrum. Bhasma not only used for therapeutic purpose but also advised for promoting general health and rejuvenating effects. Makshika bhasma, Swarna bhasma, Abhrak bhasma, Louha bhasma and Tamra bhasma, etc. are commonly used Bhasma preparation indicated for many pathological conditions including skin diseases, digestive ailments, sexual disorders, asthma and infections, etc.