Pemberian Berbagai Level Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan Minyak Ikan (Centrophorus atromarginatus) dalam Ransum Puyuh terhadap Performa, Kolesterol dan Profil Asam Lemak Telur

Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI:10.29244/jintp.v18i1.30993

D. M. Suci, S. Supanti, Yudhi Setiyantari, Romasta Napitupulu

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The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. \nKey words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production \n \nDAFTAR PUSTAKA \nAboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 \nAfrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 \nAdeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 \nAziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 \nBragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 \nChimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 \nDamongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 \nGrigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 \nGuclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 \nHartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. \nHemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 \nHilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 \nKamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 \nKhairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 \nKurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 \nLeeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. \nLiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 \nMalik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 \nMahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 \nMangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 \nMaulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 \nMetwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 \nMona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 \nMuhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 \nNRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy \nOdo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 \nRiswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 \nRusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 \nSaha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 \nSastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian \nSavory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 \nSotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 \nSim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 \nTyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. \nTolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 \nTunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. 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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

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用于鹌鹑对其表现、胆固醇和脂肪酸剖腹生产的卵巢癌(Eichornia crassipes)和鱼油(centrop荷斯萎缩素)的卵巢癌配给

本试验旨在评价鹌鹑日粮中添加水葫芦和鱼油对鹌鹑生产性能、蛋胆固醇和蛋脂肪酸的影响。试验选用200只无性日龄鹌鹑，分为5个处理，4个重复，饲养5周后选择公母。第5周对鹌鹑进行性别鉴定，母鹌鹑95只，公鹌鹑86只。生长期(0 ~ 5周)饲粮中粗蛋白质含量为24%，代谢能为2900 kcal kg-1;生产期(5 ~ 12周)饲粮中粗蛋白质含量为22%，代谢能为2900 kcal kg-1。试验设计采用完全随机设计，在鹌鹑饲粮中分别添加0%、1%、2%、3%和4%的水葫芦和0%、4%、5%、6%和7%的鱼油。测量的变量为鹌鹑生产性能(0-5周龄和5-12周龄)、鸡蛋胆固醇和鸡蛋脂肪酸谱。结果表明:生长期饲粮中添加水葫芦粉1% ~ 4%、鱼油4% ~ 5%时，饲料的耗料量和增重高于不添加水葫芦和鱼油的饲粮，但饲料系数相同。各处理对生产期内鹌鹑生产性能无显著影响。鹌鹑蛋中的不饱和脂肪酸趋于增加。鹌鹑蛋的胆固醇水平最低的是在饮食中添加2%的水葫芦粉和5%的鱼油。由此得出，在鹌鹑日粮中，水葫芦可作为地方饲料原料使用至4%。关键词:秋葵，鸡蛋胆固醇，鸡蛋脂肪酸谱，性能，生产DAFTAR PUSTAKA abul - enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA和Mahmoud AM2011年。石竹属植物(MarT)。李建军，张建军，张建军，等。2010.植物信号行为研究。6(6):834-836。饲粮添加卡拉亚皂苷对蛋鸡血清和蛋黄胆固醇的影响。杨建军，张建军，张建军，等。2012。中国家禽科学。51(6):797-804。用木薯叶血粉替代豆粕对肉鸡生产性能的影响。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。2012.中国农业科学进展，12(1):212-219。鸡、鸭、鹌鹑蛋中胆固醇含量的比较。兽医学杂志。43(3):64-66。2003年。巴西鸡和鹌鹑蛋胆固醇含量的比较。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。2009.食品成分与分析，16(2):147-153。添加益生菌和酶对日本鹌鹑生产性能的影响。兽医世界，2 (6):219-2202008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati like kan cuccut bol (centtrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。2014.中国生物医学工程学报，32(2):349 - 353。刺蒺藜提取物对日本人蛋黄脂质的影响。李建军，张建军，张建军，等。中国农业大学学报(自然科学版)，20(6):1472-1476。2008年。饲粮油脂来源对蛋品质、蛋脂肪酸组成及血脂的影响。李建军，李建军，李建军，等。2008 .中国农业大学学报(自然科学版)，38(2):91-100。彭加鲁、阿萨姆、丹、卡达尔、卡萨、杨、贝达尔、丹、兰姆肉鸡、坎顿安、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白血清含量。畜牧生产，7(1):27-33。Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF和El-Azeem NAA。2010. 几种环境应激因子对日本鹌鹑生产性能的缓解作用铺设的性能。李建军，张建军，张建军，等。2015.中国农业科学，6(5):517-524。以胡椒碱作为植物性饲料添加剂饲喂秋葵的产蛋量和物理品质。李建军，张建军，张建军，等。2016.媒体学报，38(3):150-155。丰富鹌鹑蛋的Omega - 3:年龄，鱼油，和美味的精油。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。农业科学技术学报，18(2):347-359。2016年。饲粮中蛋氨酸和氯化胆碱含量变化对鹌鹑蛋产量和品质的影响。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。2009 .媒体学报，39(1):34-39。坎顿干氯氟烃，类胡萝卜素，丹维生素C。刘建军，张建军，张建军。解剖学与生物学通报，18(1):28-40。2005. 商品家禽营养。第三版。加拿大(CA):诺丁汉大学李永祥，王玉琴，庞永志，李建新，谢晓华，郭铁军，李文菁。2011年。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对黄鹌鹑产蛋性能和营养物质消化率的影响。马立杰，李建平，李建平，等。中国家禽养殖技术现状与发展趋势。国际家禽科学，10(2):110-112。在2016年。水葫芦的营养价值评价。饲粮中添加Maxigrain*酶用于犊牛生长。

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