Environmental plasticity of sunflower lines for valuable economic traits

VV Andriienko, V. Kolomatska, VV Kyrychenko, V. Syvenko
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Abstract

Our aim was to study the environmental plasticity of female sunflower lines for valuable economic traits, to select lines for heterosis breeding - sources of valuable economic traits with different categories of environmental plasticity. Results and Discussion. Expression of economically valuable traits and their environmental plasticity were studied in female maternal sunflower lines, including lines bred at NAAS institutions. Analyses of variance and regression showed that the lines were ranked according to the genotypic effect and the regression coefficient of these traits. Sunflower lines, which give relatively high yields and demonstrate optimal responses to the year conditions, are recommended to use in breeding for adaptability: short-season line Skh 1006 A (1.48 t/ha), early ripening line Skh 503 A (1.56 t/ha) and mid-early line Od 1042 A (1.60 t/ha). Early ripening line Skh 1002 A (50.4%) and mid-early line Od 1024 A (50.1%) are recommended to use in breeding programs as sources of high oil content and optimal expression of this trait across the years. Line Skh 51 A with a consistently high 1000-achene weight is a valuable source of large seeds. Mid-early line Od 1024 A is noticeable for a stable 1000-achene weight across the years and can serve as a valuable source in breeding programs to achieve a desirable level of this trait. A stable diameter of head was noted in early ripening lines Skh 1010 A and Skh 503 A and in mid-early line Skh 1012 A, which can be used as sources of this trait. Conclusions. The levels and environmental plasticity of the valuable economic traits were evaluated in the female sunflower lines. The lines were grouped in ranks according to the genotypic effect and the regression coefficient of the traits. Short-season, early ripening and mid-early sunflower lines have been identified as sources of valuable traits with different categories of response to the year conditions. The sunflower lines combining relatively high yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight and head diameter with an optimal response to the year conditions are recommended to use in breeding for adaptability.
向日葵品系环境可塑性对经济性状的影响
目的是研究向日葵母系有价值经济性状的环境可塑性,选择具有不同环境可塑性类别的有价值经济性状的杂种优势选育。结果和讨论。研究了向日葵母系经济价值性状的表达及其环境可塑性。方差分析和回归分析表明,根据这些性状的基因型效应和回归系数对品系进行排序。向日葵品系产量相对较高,对年际条件反应最佳,推荐用于适应性育种:短季品系Skh 1006 A (1.48 t/ha),早熟品系Skh 503 A (1.56 t/ha)和中早熟品系Od 1042 A (1.60 t/ha)。早熟系Skh 1002a(50.4%)和中早熟系Od 1024a(50.1%)作为高含油量和该性状多年最佳表达的来源,推荐用于育种计划中。品系Skh 51 A具有一贯高的1000瘦果重量,是大种子的宝贵来源。中早系Od 1024a具有稳定的1000瘦果重量,可以作为育种计划的宝贵资源,以达到理想的性状水平。早熟系Skh 1010a和Skh 503a以及中早熟系Skh 1012a的穗直径稳定,可以作为这一性状的来源。评价了向日葵雌系各经济性状的水平和环境可塑性。根据各性状的基因型效应和回归系数进行等级分组。短季、早熟和中早向日葵品系已被确定为有价值性状的来源,它们对年条件有不同的响应类别。建议选用产量、含油量、千瘦果重和穗粗相对较高、对年份条件反应最佳的向日葵品系进行适应性育种。
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