The Changes and Continuities Between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic

Abstract

The transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the Turkish Republic was accompanied by change and continuities. The newly founded early republics necessarily inherited relics from the previous era and were significantly affected by economic and social institutions that sculpted their personality and mannerisms. This paper reveals the connection between the subjectivity of the late Ottoman and early Turkish republics through four aspects: state traditions, bureaucracy, the role of the military, and political culture, with both innovative changes and continuities. These connections facilitate comprehension of the early republic's history, political actors, and notable events.