Potensi dan Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Dangkal untuk Pertanian

Masganti Masganti, Khairil Anwar, M. A. Susanti
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引用次数: 24

Abstract

Abstrak. Lahan gambut terbentuk karena adanya penambahan bahan organik segar yang lebih cepat daripada perombakannya, sehingga terjadi timbunan organik dari waktu ke waktu. Gambut Indonesia sangat potensial dimanfaatkan untuk penyediaan bahan pangan. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut yang lebih masif untuk memasok bahan pangan dipicu oleh (1) laju alih fungsi lahan pertanian, (2) pertambahan jumlah penduduk, dan (3) keinginan menjadikan Indonesia sebagai lumbung pangan dunia dunia. Tanah gambut dalam sistem klasifikasi tanah USDA termasuk dalam ordo Histosol. Tanah gambut juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat dekomposisi, kesuburan, fisiografi, proses pembentukan, bahan penyusun dan ketebalan gambut. Berdasarkan ketebalan gambut, tanah gambut dengan ketebalan 50-100 cm dikategorikan sebagai gambut dangkal/tipis. Karakteristik dan potensi lahan gambut antaralain ditentukan oleh sifat kimia, fisika dan biologi. Semakin tebal gambut, semakin rendah potensinya untuk budidaya tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Potensi lahan gambut dangkal/tipis di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 5.241.473 ha atau 35,17% dari total luas lahan gambut Indonesia, tersebar di Pulau Papua (2.425.523 ha), Pulau Sumatera (1.767.303 ha), dan Pulau Kalimantan (1.048.611 ha). Lahan tersebut baru sebagian kecil dimanfaatkan petani untuk budidaya tanaman pangan, dan hortikultura dengan produktivitas yang tergolong rendah. Kebakaran lahan gambut dan faktor lainnya menyebabkan terjadinya dinamika luas lahan gambut tipis. Potensi gambut tipis dapat dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya tanaman pangan seperti padi, jagung, dan kedelai, tanaman hortikultura buah-buahan seperti nenas, pisang, pepaya, melon, dan tanaman hortikultura sayuran berupa tomat, pare, mentimun, cabai, kangkung, dan bayam. Kontribusi lahan gambut tipis terhadap produksi tanaman pangan dan hortikultura diperkirakan 50-60% dari total produksi lahan gambut.Abstract. Peatlands are formed by continuous addition of fresh organic materials faster than its decomposition, resulted in accumulation of undecomposed organic material from time to time. Indonesia's peatlands are highly potential to be cultivated to produce a variety of foods. The more massive use of peatlands to supply food is triggered by (1) the rate of conversion of agricultural land, (2) population growth, and (3) the desire to feed the world. In the USDA Classification System, peat soils belong to the order of Histosol. Peat soils may also be classified by decomposition rate, fertility, physiography, formation process, constituents and thickness of peat. Based on peat thickness, peat soil with thickness > 50-100 cm is categorized as shallow/thin peat. The characteristics and potentials of peatlands among other areas are determined by chemical, physical and biological characteristics. The thicker the peat, the lower the potential for cultivation of food crops and horticulture. Differences in classification results in differences in peat characteristics such as chemical, physical and biological properties. The potential of shallow peatlands in Indonesia is estimated at 5,241,473 ha or about 35.17% of Indonesia's total peatland area, spread over Papua (2,425,523 ha), Sumatra (1,767,303 ha) and Kalimantan (1,048.611 ha). Only a small proportion of shallow peatlands are used by farmers for cultivation of food crops and horticulture, but the productivity is low. Peatland fires and other factors have led to dynamics of widespread of shallow peatland. Shallow peatlands can be utilized for cultivation of food crops such as rice, corn, and soybeans, horticultural crops such as pineapple, banana, papaya, melon, and vegetable horticultural crops such as tomatoes, pare, cucumber, chilli, kale, and spinach. The contribution of shallow peatlands to the production of food crops and horticulture is estimated to be 50-60% of the total peatland production.
低泥炭地农业的潜力和利用
抽象。泥炭地是由比堆肥快得多的新鲜有机物的加入而形成的,因此随着时间的推移,有机储存。印尼泥炭很有可能被用于食品供应。利用泥炭引发更大规模的粮食供应速度(1)接管功能,(2)人口增长,农田和(3)的愿望使印度尼西亚作为世界粮食的谷仓。美国农业部土壤泥炭分类系统中包括Histosol目中。泥炭土壤分类也可以分解,生育水平、fisiografi泥炭形成过程,纳米材料和厚度。根据泥炭厚度,厚度为50-100厘米的泥炭土壤被归类为浅泥炭。其他形式的泥炭沼泽的特征和潜力是由化学、物理和生物性质决定的。泥炭越厚,种植粮食和园艺的潜力就越低。泥炭浅-印尼薄潜力估计约5241473英亩)或从总面积35,17%印度尼西亚泥炭,分散在巴布亚岛(2425523哈哈),苏门答腊岛(1767303),和加里曼丹岛(1048611哈)。新的土地成本的一小部分农民用于园艺作物栽培,属于低的生产力。泥炭火灾和其他因素导致了广泛的动态泥炭薄。泥炭薄潜力可以用于栽培水稻、玉米、大豆等作物园艺植物水果像菠萝、香蕉、木瓜、西瓜和植物园艺蔬菜西红柿、苦瓜、黄瓜、辣椒、羽衣甘蓝和菠菜。泥炭薄贡献园艺作物生产和从泥炭总产量预计50-60%抽象。Peatlands formed by挑战是加法,新鲜有机的材料比它更快decomposition, resulted in accumulation of undecomposed有机材料从时间到时间。印尼peatlands是潜在的强烈的cultivated农产品百万综艺的食品。海量越用peatlands到供应的食品是triggered by率》(1)农业conversion of land,(2)和(3)的人口增长,养活了世界的欲望。《农业部Classification系统,属于peat土壤Histosol勋章》。梅Peat土壤也被decomposition率,fertility physiography机密编队的过程,constituents》和Peat thickness。改编自peat thickness, peat土地与thickness浅50 - 100厘米>是美国categorized - thin peat。《peatlands characteristics和potentials》其他地区是化学,体格偏intended生物characteristics,睡意朦胧。《peat thicker耕耘的潜在的下城》,食品和horticulture庄稼。分歧都在classification results in分歧都在peat characteristics这样的美国化学,体格和生物特性。浅薄之潜在的peatlands在印尼is estimated at 5,241,473哈或关于35。印尼peatland区域总量的17%,利差完毕2,425,523哈),苏门答腊(巴布亚1,767,303)和加里曼丹(1,048.611哈哈哈)。只有小浅proportion of a peatlands是过去对农民为食品和horticulture庄稼的耕耘,但《productivity是低的。Peatland火和其他factors有led要动态of widespread of肤浅的Peatland。食品庄稼之肤浅的peatlands can be utilized for耕耘赖斯美国如此,玉米和soybeans horticultural庄稼美国这样的菠萝、香蕉、木瓜、西瓜和蔬菜horticultural美国这样的番茄,爸妈庄稼cucumber,辣椒、甘蓝和spinach。肤浅的peatlands之contribution to The production of食品和horticulture is estimated to be 50-60%庄稼》总共peatland制作。
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