Cancer Immunotherapy in 2022 - End of the Beginning

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Abstract

In the past over 10 years, the renaissance of cancer immunotherapy and its impact on cancer lives saved has been unprecedented. The first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) anti-CTLA4Ig was approved in 2011 and the first CAR T cell therapy approved in 2017. Since then, 6 more ICIs have been approved across many cancer indications. Tumour mutational burden and microsatellite instability form critical biomarkers for the use of ICIs. In 2022, we are seeing a rise in combination therapies involving ICI. In cell therapy, CAR T cell therapy has made early important inroads in blood cancers. In solid tumours, challenges exist in reaching optimal clinical efficacy. Still, we see glimmers of hope. T Cell Receptor and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte T cell therapy have shown some striking benefit in some patients refractory to further treatments with little further alternatives. Other exciting developments are in the therapeutic areas of T cell engager, antibody drug conjugates and therapeutic cancer vaccines. – where clinical benefits have been achieved. Central in the development of new immunotherapies and generally cancer treatment is a deeper dissection and understanding of the tumour microenvironment, to better elucidate mechanisms, biomarkers, resistance and new targets. Immunotherapy now forms a vital pillar of cancer therapy with a trend towards more combinations showing greater impact. Challenges remain for cost of treatment and manufacturing capabilities. With more supersurvivors and complete remissions with such treatment even in advanced disease, we will surely see a better tomorrow for cancer patients.
2022年的癌症免疫治疗——开始的结束
在过去的十多年里,癌症免疫疗法的复兴及其对挽救癌症生命的影响是前所未有的。首个抗ctla4ig的免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)于2011年获批,首个CAR - T细胞疗法于2017年获批。从那时起,又有6种ici被批准用于许多癌症适应症。肿瘤突变负担和微卫星不稳定性是使用ICIs的关键生物标志物。到2022年,我们将看到涉及ICI的联合疗法的增加。在细胞疗法中,CAR - T细胞疗法已经在血癌治疗中取得了早期的重要进展。在实体肿瘤中,在达到最佳临床疗效方面存在挑战。尽管如此,我们还是看到了希望的曙光。T细胞受体和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞T细胞治疗在一些难以接受进一步治疗的患者中显示出惊人的益处。其他令人兴奋的发展是在T细胞接合物、抗体药物偶联物和治疗性癌症疫苗的治疗领域。-已取得临床效益的地方。发展新的免疫疗法和癌症治疗的核心是对肿瘤微环境的更深入的解剖和理解,以更好地阐明机制、生物标志物、耐药性和新的靶点。免疫疗法目前已成为癌症治疗的重要支柱,并有越来越多的联合治疗的趋势,显示出更大的影响。处理成本和制造能力方面的挑战仍然存在。随着越来越多的超级幸存者和晚期癌症患者的完全缓解,我们一定会看到癌症患者更美好的明天。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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